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The platypus (''Ornithorhynchus anatinus'') also known as the duck-billed platypus is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth. The animal is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (''Ornithorhynchus''), though a number of related species have been found in the fossil record. The unusual appearance of this egg-laying, duck-billed, beaver-tailed, otter-footed mammal baffled European naturalists when they first encountered it, with some considering it an elaborate hoax. It is one of the few venomous mammals, the male platypus having a spur on the hind foot that delivers a venom capable of causing severe pain to humans. The unique features of the platypus make it an important subject in the study of evolutionary biology and a recognisable and iconic symbol of Australia; it has appeared as a mascot at national events and is featured on the reverse of its 20-cent coin. The platypus is the animal emblem of the state of New South Wales. Until the early 20th century, it was hunted for its fur, but it is now protected throughout its range. Although captive breeding programs have had only limited success and the platypus is vulnerable to the effects of pollution, it is not under any immediate threat. ==Taxonomy and etymology== When the platypus was first encountered by Europeans in 1798, a pelt and sketch were sent back to Great Britain by Captain John Hunter, the second Governor of New South Wales. British scientists' initial hunch was that the attributes were a hoax.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Duck-billed Platypus )〕 George Shaw, who produced the first description of the animal in the ''Naturalist's Miscellany'' in 1799, stated it was impossible not to entertain doubts as to its genuine nature, and Robert Knox believed it might have been produced by some Asian taxidermist.〔 It was thought that somebody had sewn a duck's beak onto the body of a beaver-like animal. Shaw even took a pair of scissors to the dried skin to check for stitches.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Platypus facts file )〕 The common name "platypus" is the latinisation of the Greek word ('), "flat-footed",〔(πλατύπους ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 from ('), "broad, wide, flat"〔(πλατύς ), ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 and ('), "foot".〔(πούς ), ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 Shaw assigned the species the Linnaean name ''Platypus anatinus'' when he initially described it, but the genus term was quickly discovered to already be in use as the name of the wood-boring ambrosia beetle genus ''Platypus''. It was independently described as ''Ornithorhynchus paradoxus'' by Johann Blumenbach in 1800 (from a specimen given to him by Sir Joseph Banks) and following the rules of priority of nomenclature, it was later officially recognised as ''Ornithorhynchus anatinus''.〔 The scientific name ''Ornithorhynchus anatinus'' is derived from ('), which literally means "bird snout" in Greek; and ''anatinus'', which means "duck-like" in Latin. There is no universally agreed plural of "platypus" in the English language. Scientists generally use "platypuses" or simply "platypus". Colloquially, the term "platypi" is also used for the plural, although this is technically incorrect and a form of pseudo-Latin;〔 the correct Greek plural would be "platypodes". Early British settlers called it by many names, such as "watermole", "duckbill", and "duckmole".〔 The name ''platypus'' is often prefixed with the adjective "duck-billed" to form ''duck-billed platypus'', which distinguishes the modern platypus from the extinct Riversleigh platypuses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「platypus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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