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''Ploughshares'' is an American literary magazine established in 1971 by DeWitt Henry and Peter O'Malley in The Plough and Stars, an Irish pub in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Since 1989, ''Ploughshares'' has been based at Emerson College in the heart of Boston. Published in April, August, and December in quality paperback, each issue is guest-edited by a prominent writer who explores personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles. Guest editors have been the recipients of Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, National Book Awards, MacArthur and Guggenheim fellowships, and numerous other honors. The editor-in-chief is Ladette Randolph. ==History== In 1970 DeWitt Henry, a Harvard Ph.D. student, and Peter O'Malley, an Irish expatriate, joined together at the Plough and Stars pub to fill a void they felt existed in the literary scene in Boston. Neither one was happy with what was currently being published, and, with their friends and followers, decided to create their own literary magazine. Realizing that they and their supporters would never be able to agree on a specific editorial outlook for the magazine, the co-founders decided that the position of editor would be a rotating one. Since then, Ploughshares has been edited by a different author for every issue, giving the magazine a unique and constantly changing voice. The first issue was published in September 1971.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.everywritersresource.com/topliterarymagazines.html )〕 The magazine soon became recognized as a beacon for talented new writers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ploughshares )〕 Some of the writers whose first or early works have appeared in Ploughshares are Thomas Lux, John Irving, Raymond Carver, Russell Banks, Sue Miller, Mona Simpson, Ethan Canin, Tim O'Brien, Robert Pinsky, David Foster Wallace, and Jayne Anne Phillips. In later years it has gone on to publish some of the leading voices in contemporary literature, including Toni Morrison, Joyce Carol Oates, Jennifer Egan, Lydia Davis, ZZ Packer, John Ashbery, E. Annie Proulx, Ann Beattie, Gordon Lish, Louise Glück, Haruki Murakami, Amy Hempel, Joy Williams, Mark Doty and Alice Munro. In 1989, ''Ploughshares'' became affiliated with Emerson College. Author Don Lee took the reins as Editor-in-Chief, and would serve in that position until 2007. In 1990, ''Ploughshares'' received the first of three large grants from the Wallace–Reader's Digest Funds, and thereafter came rapid growth, state-of-the-art computers, a new design, and aggressive marketing campaigns. In 2008, Ladette Randolph replaced Don Lee as Editor-in-Chief. The quality of the magazine's content remains the same, though its appearance has changed to reflect its firm place in today's literary world. ''Ploughshares'' has had more selections in The Best American Short Stories than any other literary journal in the past ten years.〔 In the past several years, it has had more stories published in ''The Pushcart Prize anthology'' than any other publication, and the magazine continues to be considered one of the most prestigious in the country. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ploughshares」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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