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podophyllotoxin
Podophyllotoxin (abbreviated as PPT), otherwise known as podofilox, is a non-alkaloid toxin lignan extracted from the roots and rhizomes of ''Podophyllum'' species. Under the trade names Condylox, a gel, and Wartec, a solution or cream, it is used on the skin as a topical treatment of external genital warts, caused by some types of the human papillomavirus (HPV), and other warts. PPT and its synthetic derivatives display a wide selection in medical applications such as purgative, vesicant, antirheumatic, antiviral, and antitumor agents. These derivatives include etoposide and teniposide. Their anticancer activity has been heavily under study and used in various chemotherapies, including lung cancer, lymphomas, and genital tumors.
Historically, podophyllin, a resin extracted from ''Podophyllum'' and ''Sinopodophyllum'' species primarily comprising podophyllotoxin, was also used.
==Natural abundance==
It is present at concentrations of 0.3 to 1.0% by mass in the rhizome of American Mayapple (''Podophyllum peltatum''). Another common source of podophyllotoxin is the rhizomes of ''Sinopodophyllum hexandrum'' Royle (Berberidaceae).
It is biosynthesized from two molecules of coniferyl alcohol by phenolic oxidative coupling and a series of oxidations, reductions and methylations.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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