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polariton
In physics, polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation. They are an expression of the common quantum phenomenon known as level repulsion, also known as the avoided crossing principle. Polaritons describe the crossing of the dispersion of light with any interacting resonance.
== History ==
Oscillations in ionized gases were observed by Tonks and Langmuir in 1929. Coupled states of electromagnetic waves and phonons in ionic crystals and their dispersion relation, now known as phonon polaritons, were obtained by Tolpygo in 1950〔 and, independently, by Kun Huang in 1951. Collective interactions were published by David Pines and David Bohm in 1952, and plasmons were described in silver by Fröhlich and Pelzer in 1955. Ritchie predicted surface plasmons in 1957, then Ritchie and Eldridge published experiments and predictions of emitted photons from irradiated metal foils in 1962. Andreas Otto first published on surface plasmon-polaritons in 1968.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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