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''Politeia'' (πολιτεία) is an ancient Greek word used in Greek political thought, especially that of Plato and Aristotle. Derived from the word ''polis'' ("city-state"), it has a range of meanings, from 'the rights of citizens' to a 'form of government'. ==English translations of the Greek word== According to Liddell and Scott's ''Greek-English Lexicon'' a meaning of politeia is "the conditions and rights of the citizen, or ''citizenship''", analogous to the Latin ''civitas''.〔("Politeia" entry in ''A Greek-English Lexicon'' by Liddell, Scott and Jones at the Perseus website )〕 "Politeia" ,〔()〕 in Greek means the community of citizens in a city / state. It should not be confused with "regime" that means "politeuma" or "Status quo" that means "kathestos".〔()〕 The regime is the word describing the political situation of the community of citizens in a city/state, and "kathestos" means also the general situation of an object, an agreement, or something else. "Politeia" is derived from both the root word Polis meaning city/state,〔()〕 and from the root verb "politeuomai" that means I am acting as an active citizen of the city state. Republic is an inadequate translation for the basic fact that people of the public are not also citizens of a city / state. A person that was ostracized from the active matrix of the city was an example of such. Another example was people that lived in the city but not being active citizens that had a say in the political processes of the community. Women, slaves and other people that were deemed unworthy for some reason were not in the active matrix of the political formations of that city state, making them not-citizens, so not part of "politeia". In the works of Ancient Greek philosophers, the principal meaning of ''politeia'' appears to be: "how a ''polis'' is run; constitution". A ''politeia'' differs from modern written constitutions in two respects: first, not all Greek states put their laws in writing; more importantly, the Greeks did not normally distinguish between ordinary and constitutional legislation. If a certain body had the power to change the laws, it had the power to change the laws controlling its own power and membership - even to abolish itself and set up a new governing body. The phrases ''system of government'', ''state organisation'', ''form of government'', and, more recently, ''régime'' have also been used to translate ''politeia''. ''Régime'' has drawbacks: it is ambiguous where ''politeia'' is not, since a change of ''régime'' can mean a change of governors under the same form of government. It has a negative tone in English, which ''politeia'' does not in Greek. It is also a loan-word; and in that regard, has no advantage over simply adopting ''politeia'' itself. Some translators thus use a different term for this second meaning of ''politeia''. Most common is the vague term polity. Specific translations of this second meaning as ''constitutional democracy'' or ''republic'' are at least anachronistic, and in most instances contentious and/or inaccurate. Some translators feel it is incorrect to translate the same word in different ways, arguing that the ambiguity must have been deliberate and that it is impossible to always know which way the word should be rendered.〔 * (The Problem with Politeia as Polity in Aristotle's ''Politics'' ) by Clifford Angell Bates〕 In the Greek New Testament ''politeia'' is translated as "commonwealth" or "freedom" in Ephesians 2:12 and Acts 22:28. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「politeia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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