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The polonaise ((ポーランド語:polonez)) is a dance of Polish origin,〔Don Michael Randel. ''The Harvard Dictionary of Music''. Harvard University Press. 2003. p. 668.〕 in 3/4 time. Its name is French for "Polish." The polonaise had a rhythm quite close to that of the Swedish semiquaver or sixteenth-note polska, and the two dances have a common origin. Polonaise is a widespread dance in carnival parties. Polonaise is always a first dance at a ''studniówka'' ("hundred-days"), the Polish equivalent of the senior prom that occurs approximately 100 days before exams. File:Jan Norblin- Polonais.jpg|Polish Noblemen dancing Polonaise, painting by Jan Piotr Norblin File:Polonez Pod Gołym Niebem - Korneli Szlegel.jpg|Poles dance Polonez, painting by Kornelli Szlegel File:Kwiatkowski-chopin.jpg|Chopin's Polonaise - a Ball in Hôtel Lambert in Paris. ==Influence of Polonaise in music== The notation ''alla polacca'' ((イタリア語:polacca) means "polonaise") on a musical score indicates that the piece should be played with the rhythm and character of a polonaise (e.g., the rondo in Beethoven's Triple Concerto op. 56 and the finale of Chopin's Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" have this). In his book Classic Music: Expression, Form, and Style Leonard G. Ratner cites Serenade_for_Violin,_Viola_and_Cello_(Beethoven) Mvt. IV, "Allegretto alla Polacca" as a representative example of the polonaise dance topic (Ratner 1980, pp. 12-13). Frédéric Chopin's polonaises are generally the best known of all polonaises in classical music. Other composers who wrote polonaises or pieces in polonaise rhythm include Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Michał Kleofas Ogiński, Maria Agata Szymanowska, Franz Schubert, Vincenzo Bellini, Carl Maria von Weber, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Moritz Moszkowski, Friedrich Baumfelder, Ferdinando Carulli, Mauro Giuliani, Modest Mussorgsky, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Alexander Scriabin. Another more recent prolific polonaise composer was the American Edward Alexander MacDowell. John Philip Sousa wrote the ''Presidential Polonaise'', intended to keep visitors moving briskly through the White House receiving line. Sousa wrote it in 1886 at the request of President Chester A. Arthur who died before it was performed.〔Sousa: Marching Along, p.85 Integrity Press, 1994〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「polonaise」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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