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polyfill
In web development, a ''polyfill'' (or ''polyfiller'') is downloadable code which provides facilities that are not built into a web browser. It implements technology that a developer expects the browser to provide natively, providing a more uniform API landscape. For example, many features of HTML5 are not supported by versions of Internet Explorer older than version 8 or 9, but can be used by web pages if those pages install a polyfill. Web shims〔(Webshim )〕 and HTML5 Shivs are related concepts.
==Origin==
The term originated with Remy Sharp who required a word that meant “replicate an API using JavaScript (or Flash or whatever) if the browser doesn’t have it natively” while co-writing the book 'Introducing HTML5' (in 2009 ). ''Shim'', to him, meant a piece of code that you could add that would fix some functionality, but it would most often have its own API, thus did not fulfill Sharp's terminology requirements. The terms ''progressive enhancement'' and ''graceful degradation'' similarly did not meet his needs since they didn't specifically require, nor were they specific to, JavaScript.
Sharp decided upon the term ''polyfill'' that can imply ''filling in'' missing browser functionality and using any number of techniques (''poly'' means “many” in Greek). ''Polyfilla'', a paste used to cover up cracks and holes in walls, was also a visualization that Sharp found fitting for the term. He has received feedback stating that the “word should be changed”, but the term has now grown more popular amongst web developers. Sharp intentionally did not promote the term widely, only using it in specific cases and believes that it received a large amount of exposure after Paul Irish directly referenced the term in a presentation months after its inception and was helped become popular due to Modernizr's “HTML5 shims & polyfill” page.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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