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Polygamy (from Late Greek , ''polygamia'', "state of marriage to many spouses")〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=polygamy&allowed_in_frame=0 )〕〔.〕 involves marriage with more than one spouse. When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, it's called polygyny; and when a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it's called polyandry. If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage. In contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like ''monogamy'', the term ''polygamy'' is often used in a ''de facto'' sense, applied regardless of whether the relationship is recognized by the state.〔For the extent to which states can and do recognize potentially and actual polygamous forms as valid, see Marriage (conflict).〕 In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use ''polygamy'' in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating. Polygamy is widely accepted among different societies worldwide. According to the Ethnographic Atlas, of 1,231 societies noted, 588 had frequent polygyny, 453 had occasional polygyny, 186 were monogamous and 4 had polyandry.〔(''Ethnographic Atlas Codebook'' ) derived from George P. Murdock's ''Ethnographic Atlas'' recording the marital composition of 1231 societies from 1960 to 1980.〕 Within polygynous societies, having multiple wives often becomes a status symbol denoting wealth and power. International human rights organisations and women's rights groups in several countries have called for the abolition of polygamy. The United Nations has recommended abolishing the practice. Polygamy has been ruled as violating the ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights).〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/gencomm/hrcom28.htm ) 〕〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/13b02776122d4838802568b900360e80 ) 〕〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/IHRLS_Chad_95.pdf ) 〕〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/other-autre/poly/chap3.html ) 〕〔 (【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.ccprcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/A_63_40_Vol.I_E.pdf ) 〕 ==Forms of polygamy== Polygamy exists in three specific forms: polygyny - wherein a man has multiple simultaneous wives; polyandry - wherein a woman has multiple simultaneous husbands; or group marriage - wherein the family unit consists of multiple husbands and multiple wives. Miriam K. Zeitzen, a Danish author, states that Western perceptions of African society and marriage patterns are biased by "contradictory concerns of nostalgia for traditional African culture versus critique of polygamy as oppressive to women or detrimental to development". According to her, anthropologists treat serial monogamy, in which divorce and remarriage occur, as a form of polygamy as it also can establish a series of households that may continue to be tied by shared paternity and shared income. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「polygamy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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