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|Section2= |Section3= }} Polygodial is an active constituent of Dorrigo Pepper, Mountain Pepper, Horopito, Canelo, Paracress and Water-pepper.〔Beattie, G.A.C., ''Spray Oils Beyond 2000'', University of Western Queensland, ISBN 1-86341-902-0〕〔McCallion RF, Cole ALJ, Walker JRL, Blunt JW, Munro MHG. Antibiotics substances from New Zealand plants II. Polygodial, an anti-Candida agent from Pseudowintera colorata. ''Planta Med'' 1982; 44: 134-138.〕〔Muñoz-Conchaa, D., Vogelb, H., Yunesc, R., Razmilicd, I., Brescianic, L., and Malheirosc, A., Presence of polygodial and drimenol in Drimys populations from Chile, ''Biochemical Systematics and Ecology'', Volume 35, Issue 7, July 2007, Pages 434-438〕〔M Jonassohn (1996)Sesquiterpenoid unsaturated dialdehydes - Structural properties that affect reactivity and bioctivity. Doctoral thesis, Lund University, Sweden. ISBN 91-628-2215-2. 〕 Furthermore, Polygodial is synthetized by Dendrodoris limbata.〔Cimino G, DE Rosa S, DE Stefano S, Sodano G, Villani G. Dorid nudibranch elaborates its own chemical defense. Science. 1983; 19(4589):1237-1238.〕 Chemically it is a drimane-type sesquiterpene dialdehyde of formula C15H22O2. It elicits a warm and pungent flavour. The biological activity of polygodial has been reported in the scientific literature to include antifungal and antimicrobial activities,〔Anke, H. & Sterner, O. (1991). Comparison of the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of twenty unsaturated sesquiterpene dialdehydes from plants and mushrooms. Planta Medica, 57(4), 344-346.〕〔Lee S H, Lee J R, Lunde C S, Kubo I. (1999). In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida albicans and other Fungal Pathogens to Polygodial, a Sesquiterpene Dialdehyde, Planta Medica, vol 65, pp205-208〕〔Kubo, I., Fujita, K. & Lee, S.H., (2001). Antifungal Mechanism of Polygodial. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(3), 1607-1611.〕 antihyperalgesia,〔Mendes, G.L. et al., (1998). Anti-hyperalgesic properties of the extract and of the main sesquiterpene polygodial isolated from the barks of Drymis winteri (Winteraceae). Life Sciences, 63(5), 369-381.〕 potent attachment-inhibitory activity,〔Ban, T., Singh, I.P. & Etoh, H., (2000). Polygodial, a potent attachment-inhibiting substance for the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis from Tasmannia lanceolata. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 64(12), 2699-2701.〕 insect antifeedant activity,〔Caprioli, V. et al., (1987). Insect antifeedant activity and hot taste for humans of selected natural and synthetic 1,4-dialdehydes. Journal of Natural Products, 50(2), 146-151.〕 antinociception 〔Mendes, G.L. et al., 2000. Assessment of mechanisms involved in antinociception caused by sesquiterpene polygodial. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 292(1), 164-172.〕〔Malheiros, A. et al., (2001). A sesquiterpene drimane with antinociceptive activity from Drimys winteri bark. Phytochemistry, 57(1), 103-107.〕 vasorelaxation action in vessels of rabbit and guinea pig,〔Andre, E. et al., (1999). Mechanisms underlying the relaxation caused by the sesquiterpene polygodial in vessels from rabbit and guinea-pig. European Journal of Pharmacology, 386(1), 47-53.〕 anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activities 〔Tratsk, K.S. et al., (1997). Anti-allergic effects and oedema inhibition caused by the extract of Drymis winteri. Inflammation Research: Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al, 46(12), 509-514.〕〔da Cunha, F.M. et al., (2001). Additional evidence for the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the sesquiterpene polygodial. Life Sciences, 70(2), 159-169.〕〔Martin, W.J. et al., (2009). Sesquiterpene dialdehydes inhibit MSU crystal-induced superoxide production by infiltrating neutrophils in an in vivo model of gouty inflammation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 47(5), 616-621.〕 Polygodial’s primary antifungal action is as a nonionic surfactant, disrupting the lipid-protein interface of integral proteins nonspecifically, denaturing their functional conformation. It is also likely that polygodial permeates by passive diffusion across the plasma membrane, and once inside the cells may react with a variety of intracellular compounds.〔Kubo , Fujita K, Lee S H, Ha T J. Antibacterial Activity of Polygodial, Phytotherapy Research, 2005, 19, pp 1013-1017〕 It is also used as an insecticide for its antifeedant property, which causes insects to starve. == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「polygodial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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