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polyomaviridae
''Polyomaviridae'' is a family of viruses. Mammals and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 13 species in this family, divided among 1 genera, ''Polyomavirus'' (type species Simian virus 40). Diseases associated with this family include: JCPyV: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; BKPyV: mild respiratory infection.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/148.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release )〕 They are potentially oncogenic (tumor-causing); they often persist as latent infections in a host without causing disease, but may produce tumors in a host of a different species, or a host with an ineffective immune system. The name ''polyoma'' refers to the viruses' ability to produce multiple (poly-) tumors (-oma).
The family ''Polyomaviridae'' came from a split of the now obsolete family ''Papovaviridae'' (the other family being ''Papillomaviridae).''〔 The name ''Papovaviridae'' derived from three abbreviations: Pa for ''Papillomavirus'', Po for ''Polyomavirus'', and Va for "vacuolating." Clinically, Polyomaviridæ are relevant as they contribute to pathologies such as Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus), nephropathy (BK virus), and Merkel cell cancer (Merkel cell virus).
==Structure==
''Polyomaviruses'' are DNA-based (double-stranded DNA, ~5000 base pairs, circular genome) viruses. They are small (40–50 nanometers in diameter), and icosahedral in shape (T=7 symmetry), and do not have a lipoprotein envelope. Moreover, the genome possess early and late genes, contributing to its complex transcription program. The genome codes for 5 to 9 proteins.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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