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portcullis
A portcullis (from the French ''フランス語:porte coulissante'' or gliding door) is a kind of heavy vertically-opening gate typically found in medieval fortifications, consisting of a latticed grille made of wood, metal, or a combination of the two.
==History==
Portcullises fortified the entrances to many medieval castles, securely closing off the castle during time of attack or siege. Every portcullis was mounted in vertical grooves in the walls of the castle and could be raised or lowered quickly by means of chains or ropes attached to an internal winch.
Often, two portcullises to the main entrance would be used. The one closer to the inside would be closed first, and then the one farther away. This was used to trap the enemy, and often, burning wood or fire-heated sand would be dropped onto them from the roof or murder-holes. Hot oil, however, was not commonly used in this manner, contrary to popular belief, since oil was extremely expensive.〔Kaufmann & Kaufmann, p. 61〕 Arrowslits in the sides of the walls enabled archers and crossbowmen to eliminate the trapped group of attackers.
In England, working portcullises survive at the Tower of London, Monk Bar〔(Monk Bar at Pastscape )〕 in York, Amberley Castle, and Hever Castle.〔(Hever Castle at Pastscape )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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