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Posek ((ヘブライ語:פוסק) (:poˈsek), pl. Poskim, ) is the term in Jewish law for "decisor"—a legal scholar who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive or in those situations where no halakhic precedent exists. The decision of a posek is known as a ''psak din'' or ''psak halakha'' ("ruling of law"; pl. ''piskei din'', ''piskei halakha'') or simply a "psak". In Hebrew, פסק is the root implying to "stop" or "cease"—the posek brings the process of legal debate to finality. ''Piskei din'' are generally recorded in the responsa literature. ==Formulating a ruling (psak din)== In formulating a ruling, a posek will base the ''psak din'' on a careful analysis of the relevant underlying legal principles, as well as a careful study of the ''application'' of these principles. A Posek must therefore be thoroughly versed in rabbinic literature, especially the Babylonian Talmud. The process of analysis usually entails today: # an initial study of the relevant Talmudic ''Sugyas'' with commentaries; # tracing the development of all related material in the ''Rishonim'' (Medieval rabbinic authorities prior to the ''Shulkhan Aruch)'' through the ''Arba'ah Turim'' and ''Shulkhan Arukh''; # and finally, a close analysis of the works of the ''Acharonim'' (rabbinic authorities from about the 16th century onwards) discussing the halakha as recorded in the literature of the ''Rishonim'' (and earlier ''Acharonim''). The ruling itself is an attempt to apply the precedents and principles of the Tradition to the question being asked. One common goal of poskim in this regard is, as far as possible, to be consistent with the codified law, as well as with the maximal relevant legal precedents, generally being decisions recorded in the responsa literature. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「posek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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