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potentiostat
A potentiostat is the electronic hardware required to control a three electrode cell and run most electroanalytical experiments. A ''Bipotentiostat'' and ''polypotentiostat'' are potentiostats capable of controlling two working electrodes and more than two working electrodes, respectively.〔Bard, A.J.; Faulkner, L.R. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edition, 2000 ISBN 0-471-40521-3.〕〔Cynthia G. Zoski (Editor) Handbook of Electrochemistry. Elsevier, 2007 ISBN 0-444-51958-0〕〔Peter T. Kissinger, William R. Heineman Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry. CRC Press, 1996 ISBN 0-8247-9445-1〕〔Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998 ISBN 0-03-002078-6.〕
The system functions by maintaining the potential of the working electrode at a constant level with respect to the reference electrode by adjusting the current at an auxiliary electrode. It consists of an electric circuit which is usually described in terms of simple op amps.
== Primary use ==
This equipment is fundamental to modern electrochemical studies using three electrode systems for investigations of reaction mechanisms related to redox chemistry and other chemical phenomena. The dimensions of the resulting data depend on the experiment. In voltammetry, electric current in amps is plotted against electric potential in voltage. In a bulk electrolysis total coulombs passed (total electric charge) is plotted against time in seconds even though the experiment measures electric current (amperes) over time. This is done to show that the experiment is approaching an expected number of coulombs.
Most early potentiostats could function independently, providing data output through a physical data trace. Modern potentiostats are designed to interface with a personal computer and operate through a dedicated software package. The automated software allows the user rapidly to shift between experiments and experimental conditions. The computer allows data to be stored and analyzed more effectively, rapidly, and accurately than historic methods.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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