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potestas
''Potestas'' is a Latin word meaning power or faculty. It is an important concept in Roman Law.
==Origin of the concept==
The idea of ''potestas'' originally referred to the power, through coercion, of a Roman magistrate to promulgate edicts, give action to litigants, etc. This power, in Roman political and legal theory, is considered analogous in kind though lesser in degree to military power. The most important magistrates (such as consuls and praetors) are said to have imperium, which is the ultimate form of ''potestas,'' and refers indeed to military power.
''Potestas'' strongly contrasts with the power of the Senate and the ''prudentes'', a common way to refer to Roman jurists. While the magistrates had ''potestas'', the ''prudentes'' exercised auctoritas. It is said that auctoritas is a manifestation of socially recognized knowledge, while ''potestas'' is a manifestation of socially recognized power. In Roman political theory, both were necessary to guide the ''res publica'' and they had to inform each other.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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