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praetorium
The Latin term ''praetorium'' — or ''prœtorium'' or ''pretorium'' — originally signified a general’s tent within a Roman castra, castellum, or encampment.〔Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 2 ed., s.v. "Praetorium." London: John Murray, 1872.〕 It derived from the name of one of the chief Roman magistrates, the praetor.〔 (''Praetor'' (Latin, "leader") was originally the title of the highest-ranking civil servant in the Roman Republic, but later became a position directly below the rank of consul.)
The general’s war council would meet within this tent, thus acquiring an administrative and juridical meaning that was carried over into the Byzantine Empire, where the ''praitōrion'' was the residence of a city's governor. The term was also used for the emperor's headquarters and other large residential buildings or palaces.〔 The name would also be used to identify the praetorian camp and praetorian troops stationed in Rome.〔 A general's bodyguard was known as the ''cohors praetoriae'', out of which developed the Praetorian Guard, the emperor's bodyguard.
== Description ==
Due to the number of uses for the word praetorium, describing can be difficult. A praetorium could be a large building, a permanent tent structure, or in some cases even be mobile. The Praetorium means (in Greek): "common hall", "judgment hall", and/or "Pilat's House".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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