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In sociology and economics, the precariat is a social class formed by people suffering from precarity, which is a condition of existence without predictability or security, affecting material or psychological welfare as well as being a member of a proletariat class of industrial workers who lack their own means of production and hence sell their labour to live. Specifically, it is applied to the condition of lack of job security, in other words intermittent employment or underemployment and the resultant precarious existence.〔Guy Standing (May 24, 2011). ("The Precariat – The new dangerous class" ). Policy Network.〕 The emergence of this class has been ascribed to the entrenchment of neoliberal capitalism.〔Lorna Fox O'Mahony, David O'Mahony and Robin Hickey (eds), ''(Moral Rhetoric and the Criminalisation of Squatting: Vulnerable Demons? )'' (London: Routledge, 2014), ISBN 0415740614 (p. 25 ).〕 The term is a portmanteau obtained by merging ''precarious'' with proletariat.〔F. Lunning (2010).(Mechademia 5: Fanthropologies'' ). University of Minnesota Press. p. 252. ISBN 081667387X.〕 The precariat class has been emerging in societies such as Japan, where it includes over 20 million so-called "freeters."〔Machiko Osawa and Jeff Kingston (July 1, 2010). ("Japan has to address the ‘precariat’" ). ''The Financial Times''.〕 The young precariat class in Europe became a serious issue in the early part of the 21st century.〔Press Europe: September 15, 2011: The "Youthful members of the full-time precariat ().〕 The British economist Guy Standing has analysed the precariat as a new emerging social class in work done for the think tank Policy Network. In 2014, he wrote another book titled "A Precariat Charter" where he argued that all citizens have a right to socially inherited wealth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/a-precariat-charter-9781472510396/ )〕 The latest in the series is the titled ''Precariat: The New Dangerous Class''〔〔(Who will be a voice for the emerging precariat? ), ''The Guardian'', June 1, 2011.〕 where he proposed basic income as a solution for addressing the problem. The analysis of the results of the Great British Class Survey of 2013, a collaboration between the BBC and researchers from several UK universities, contended there is a new model of class structure consisting of seven classes, ranging from the Elite at the top to the Precariat at the bottom. The Precariat class was envisaged as “the most deprived British class of all with low levels of economic, cultural and social capital” and the opposite of “the Technical Middle Class” in Great Britain in that instead of having money but no interests, people of the new Precariat Class have all sorts of potential activities they like to engage in but cannot do any of them because they have no money, insecure lives, and are usually trapped in old industrial parts of the country. ==See also== * Lumpenproletariat *Dead-end job * McJob *Policy Network *Precarious work *Pre-distribution *Workforce casualisation 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「precariat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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