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Precognition (from the Latin ''præ-'', "before" and ''cognitio'', "acquiring knowledge"), also called future sight, and second sight, is an alleged psychic ability to see events in the future.〔Alcock, James. (1981). ''Parapsychology-Science Or Magic?: A Psychological Perspective''. Pergamon Press. pp. 3-6. ISBN 978-0080257730〕〔Zusne, Leonard; Jones, Warren H. (1989). ''Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking''. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-805-80507-9〕〔Carroll, Robert Todd. (2003). ("Precognition" ). In ''The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions''. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-27242-6〕〔Ciccarelli, Saundra E; Meyer, Glenn E. ''Psychology''. (2007). Prentice Hall Higher Education. p. 118. ISBN 978-0136030638 "Precognition is the supposed ability to know something in advance of its occurrence or to predict a future event."〕 As with other forms of extrasensory perception, there is no evidence that precognition is a real ability possessed by anyone,〔Bunge, Mario. (1983). ''Treatise on Basic Philosophy: Volume 6: Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World''. Springer. p. 226. "Despite being several thousand years old, and having attracted a large number of researchers over the past hundred years, we owe no single firm finding to parapsychology: no hard data on telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, or psychokinesis."〕〔Stenger, Victor. (1990). ''Physics and Psychics: The Search for a World Beyond the Senses''. Prometheus Books. p. 166. ISBN 0-87975-575-X "The bottom line is simple: science is based on consensus, and at present a scientific consensus that psychic phenomena exist is still not established."〕〔Zechmeister, Eugene; Johnson, James. (1992). ''Critical Thinking: A Functional Approach''. Brooks/Cole Pub. Co. p. 115. ISBN 0534165966 "There exists no good scientific evidence for the existence of paranormal phenomena such as ESP. To be acceptable to the scientific community, evidence must be both valid and reliable."〕〔Myers, David. (2004). ''Intuition: Its Powers and Perils''. Yale University Press. p. 233. ISBN 0-300-09531-7 "After thousands of experiments, no reproducible ESP phenomenon has ever been discovered, nor has any researcher produced any individual who can convincingly demonstrate psychic ability."〕 however it still appears within movies, books, and discussion within the parapsychology community. Scientific investigation of extrasensory perception is complicated by the definition which implies that the phenomena go against established principles of science. Specifically, precognition would violate the principle that an effect cannot occur before its cause.〔 There are established biases affecting human memory and judgment of probability that sometimes create convincing but false impressions of precognition. ==Belief== Belief in precognition has been related to superstition.〔 A 1978 Gallup poll found that 37% of Americans surveyed believed in precognition. According to psychologists Tobacyk and Milford, belief in precognition was greater in college women than in men, and a 2007 Gallup poll found that women were more prone to superstitious beliefs in general. A 2013 study discovered that greater belief in precognition was held by those who feel low in control, and the belief can act as a psychological coping mechanism.〔Greenaway KH, Louis WR, Hornsey MJ. (2013). (''Loss of Control Increases Belief in Precognition and Belief in Precognition Increases Control'' ). PLoS ONE 8(8): e71327.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「precognition」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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