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presenteeism
Presenteeism is the act of attending work while sick. A topic that is at times considered its opposite, absenteeism, has historically received extensive attention in the management sciences, but presenteeism has only recently found a place in the research literature.〔Johns, G. (2010): Presenteeism in the Workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 519-542. 〕
==Definitions==
While presenteeism is often defined as attending work while sick, scholars have provided various other descriptions of the concept. For instance, Simpson claimed that presenteeism is "the tendency to stay at work beyond the time needed for effective performance on the job."〔Simpson, R. (1998). Presenteeism, power and organizational change: Long hours as a career barrier and the impact on the working lives of women managers. ''British Journal of Management'', 9, S37–S50. 〕 Aronsson, Gustafsson, and Dallner wrote that it means attending work even when one feels unhealthy.〔Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K., & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. ''Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 502–509. 〕 In a recent review of the literature, Johns highlighted the lack of agreement between the many definitions.〔 The author claimed that many of the definitions lack utility and that the term is most often defined as going to work while ill. He further noted that definitions of presenteeism, which are centered on attending work while sick, have received more evidence of construct validity. In other words, when defined as coming to work while sick, presenteeism seems to relate more to logical outcome variables and correlates.〔
While the construct is often cited as coming to work while sick, Johns further noted that the definitions do not assign any motives to presenteeism.〔 An employee, therefore, may come to work because he or she simply needs the money and cannot afford to take time off due to illness. Additionally, one could go to work due to a love and devotion to the job. In this case, presenteeism could be considered an act of organizational citizenship and inspire admiration from colleagues.〔 Therefore, simply viewing presenteeism as a negative act that leads to productivity loss and decreased health may be restricting potential analysis of the construct.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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