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prewriting
Prewriting is the first stage of the writing process, typically followed by drafting, revision, editing and publishing.〔Pattison, Darcy. Paper Lightning:Prewriting Activities to Spark Creativity. Cottowood Press, 2008.〕〔Holmes, Kerry P. Show, Don't Tell: The Importance of Explicit Prewriting Instruction. Clearing House, v76 n5 p241-43 May-Jun 2003〕〔Whitney, Anne; Blau, Sheridan; Bright, Alison; Cabe, Rosemary; Dewar, Tim; Levin, Jason you can take everything I own ; Macias, Roseanne; Rogers, noelia cobian, Paul. Beyond Strategies: Teacher Practice, Writing Process, and the Influence of Inquiry. English Education, v40 n3 p201-230 Apr 2008〕outlining, diagramming, storyboarding, clustering (for a technique similar to clustering, see mindmapping).
==Motivation and audience awareness==
Prewriting usually begins with motivation and audience awareness: what is the student or writer trying to communicate, why is it important to communicate it well and who is the audience for this communication. It helps you put your thought out onto the paper on what you want to write about. Writers usually begin with a clear idea of audience, content and the importance of their communication; sometimes, one of these needs to be clarified for the best communication.〔Wagner, Brian J.An Easy Outlining Approach for Producing Solidly Structured, Audience-Directed Reports. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, v8 n4 p475-82 Oct 1994〕〔Smith, Kenneth. Teaching Talented Writers in the Regular Classroom. Gifted Child Today, v31 n2 p19-26 Spr 2008〕〔Bigelow, Terry Patrick; Vokoun, Michael J. Reminding Old Dogs of Old Tricks. English Journal, v96 n4 p106-109 Mar 2007〕 Student writers find motivation especially difficult because they are writing for a teacher or for a grade, instead of a real audience.〔http://www.memfox.com/learning-from-learning.html Mem Fox on Writing〕 Often teachers try to find a real audience for students by asking them to read to younger classes or to parents, by posting writing for others to read, by writing a blog, or by writing on real topics, such as a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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