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Prikaz ((ロシア語:прика́з), ''prikaz''; ) was an administrative (palace, civil, military, or church), judicial, territorial, and executive offices earlier in Muscovy and Russia of 15th-18th centuries. The term is usually implies "ministry", "office" or "department". In modern Russian "prikaz" literally means an order. Most of Prikazes were subordinated to the Boyar Duma. Some of them (Palace Prikazes (дворцовые приказы)) were subordinated to the Tayny Prikaz, or Privy Prikaz that answered directly to Tsar. Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia had his own Prikazes. There was a large number (up to 60) of specialized ''Prikazes''. Their set varied over time. ==List of Russian Prikazes== *Foreign affairs * *Ambassadorial Prikaz (Posolsky Prikaz) - in charge of international affairs, a kind of a Ministry of Foreign Affairs * *Captive Prikaz, (Polonyanichy Prikaz from archaic (ロシア語:полон, плен) 'polon', 'plen' means "captive"), for the redemption of Russian captives and prisoners of war * *Prikaz of Pans (Panskiy Prikaz) - office of Poland affairs *Administrative * *Prikaz of the Seal (Pechatny Prikaz) - an office that placed the Tsar's seal on various documents that granted various things to private persons, and collected the corresponding duties * *Stone Prikaz (Kamennyi Prikaz) * *Coachman Prikaz (Courier Prikaz, Yam Prikaz: Yamskoy Prikaz) * *Book printing Prikaz * *Prikaz of hospice construction * *Pharmaceutical Prikaz (Aptekarskiy prikaz) * *Monk Prikaz (Monasheskiy Prikaz) *Judicial Prikazes * *Moscow * *Vladimir * *Dmitrov * *Ryazan *Military Prikazes * *Prikaz of Riflemen (Streletsky Prikaz) * *Artillery Prikaz , (Pushkarsky Prikaz) * *Prikaz of Admiral, (Admiralteysky Prikaz) * *Prikaz of Cossacks (Kazachy Prikaz) * *Armored Prikaz (Bronniy Prikaz) * *Conscription Prikaz (Prikaz sbora ratnykh i datochnykh lydei ((ロシア語:сбора ратных и даточных людей)) * *Prikaz of foreign lands (Inozemsky Prikaz) * *Arsenal Prikaz (Oruzheiniy Prikaz) * *Prikaz of German feeds: probably, paid a salary to foreigners (known as "Germans") in Russian military or state service * *Ritter Prikaz *Financial Prikazes * *Domestic Prikaz (Pomestny Prikaz) * *Accounting Prikaz * *Prikaz of Grand treasury * *Prikaz of Grand income *Security * *Prikaz of petitions (Chelobitny Prikaz) - considered complaints or petitions addressed to the Tsar; the adjective ''chelobitnaya'' ((ロシア語:челобитная)) comes from the expression ''bit' chelom'' (to knock with one's forehead (on the ground)) meaning a very humble submission of a petition, with an extremely low bow. Standard form of such complaint included words "Slave of God ... (or : 'Your ''kholop'' (slave)') is beating with the forehead", or "Slaves and orphans are beating with foreheads" (not really slaves or orpnans just a self-demeaning expression). * *Privy Prikaz (Prikaz tainyh del) * *Robbery Prikaz (Razboiniy Prikas ) criminal police * *Prikaz of Investigations (Sysknoy prikaz) *Regional Prikazes * *Little Russia, Ministry of the Ukrainian (Malorossiya) Affairs * *Kazan (Казанский приказ, Приказ Казанского дворца, Kazan Palace Prikaz ), Volga Region (Поволжье) Affairs (South-West of Russia, territories of Kazan Khanate) * *Siberia * *Great Russia * *Grand Duchy of Lithuania * *Smolensk (disbanded on Poland's conquest of Smolensk (1611); restored when Smolensk returned to Russian control in 1654) * *Livonia Affairs * *Novgorod quarter * *Vladimir quarter * *Ustug quarter * *Kostroma quarter * *Galich quarter * *Smolensk quarter *Palace Prikazes * *Prikaz of Stables Konyushenny Prikaz * *Palace Prikaz (Dvortsovyi Prikaz) * *Prikaz of Stone Palace (Prikaz kamennogo dvortsa) * *Prikaz of gold and silver affairs * *Prikaz of requiem (Panihydniy prikaz) - requiems for members of the tsar's family *Patriarchal Prikazes * *Patriarch Prikaz-in-charge * *Patriarch Treasury Prikaz * *Patriarch Palace Prikaz *Other * *Order-in-charge (Razryadny Prikaz) - in charge of higher personnel in the military and civil administration * *Prikaz of kholops (Kholopskiy Prikaz) - considered affairs of kholops 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「prikaz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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