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prodrazvyorstka
Prodrazvyorstka (also Prodrazverstka; (ロシア語:Продразвёрстка, продовольственная развёрстка)) was a Bolshevik policy and campaign of confiscation of grain and other agricultural produce from the peasants for a nominal fixed price according to specified quotas (the noun ''razvyorstka'', and the verb ''razverstat' ''refer to the partition of the requested total amount as obligations from the suppliers).
The term is commonly associated with war communism during the Russian Civil War when it was introduced by the Bolshevik government. However Bolsheviks borrowed the idea from the grain ''razvyorstka'' introduced in the Russian Empire during World War I, in 1916.
==World War I grain razvyorstka==
1916 saw a food crisis in the Russian Empire. While the harvest was good in Lower Volga Region and Western Siberia, its transportation by railroads collapsed. In addition, the food market was in disarray. Fixed prices for government purchases were unattractive. A decree of November 29, 1916 (signed by Aleksandr Rittich (Александр Риттих), of the Ministry of Agriculture) introduced razvyorstka as the collection of grain for defense purposes. The Russian Provisional Government established after the February Revolution of 1917 could not propose any incentives for peasants, and their state monopoly on grain sales failed to achieve its goal.〔.
〕〔, where Rittich reports on the introduction and results of the grain razvyorstka.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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