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produsage
Produsage is a portmanteau of the words "production" and "usage", coined by Australian media scholar Axel Bruns and popularized in his book "''Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life and Beyond: From Production to Produsage"''. Produsage refers to the type of user-led content creation that takes place in a variety of online environments such as Wikipedia, open source software, and the blogosphere.〔 The concept blurs the boundaries between passive consumption and active production. The distinction between producers and consumers or users of content has faded, as users also play the role of producers whether they are aware of this role or not.〔〔 The hybrid term ''produser'' refers to an individual who is engaged in the activity of produsage. This concept is similar and related to commons-based peer production, a term coined by Yochai Benkler.
== Characteristics of produsage ==
According to Bruns, produsage has four defining features: 1) Open participation and communal evaluation; 2) Fluid heterarchy through ad hoc meritocracies; 3) Palimpsestic unfinished artifacts in a continuing process; and 4) Common property and individual rewards.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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