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propaedeutics : ウィキペディア英語版
propaedeutics
Propaedeutics or propedeutics is a historical term for an introductory course into a discipline: art, science, etc. Etymology: pro- + Greek: ''paideutikós'', "pertaining to teaching".
Propaedeutics may be defined as knowledge necessary for learning, but not for proficiency .〔''Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems'', Martha Campbell Polson, J. Jeffrey Richardson, Elliot Soloway (p. 82 )〕
In medicine, the terms "propedeutics"/"propedeutic" specifically refers to preliminary collection of data about patient by observation, palpation, temperature measurement, etc., without specialized diagnostic procedures.
The 1851 ''Encyclopaedia Americana'' writes that it is:〔''Encyclopaedia Americana'' (1851)(p. 373 )〕

"...a term used by the Germans to indicate the knowledge which is necessary or useful for understanding
or practising an art or science, or which unfolds its nature and extent, and the method of learning it. It is applied,
therefore, not only to special introductions to particular branches of study, but also to auxiliary sciences, logic, philology, etc., and the encyclopaedic views of particular branches of science which facilitate
an insight into the relations of the parts. Such a survey can be presented only by one who has studied a science in
all its ramifications. The term propaedeutics is often, of course, merely relative : thus philology belongs to the propaedeutics of history, while it is itself the main study of a certain class of scholars. The term, however, in its common use, is generally restricted to the body of knowledge, and of rules necessary for the study of some particular science — rules which originate in the application of the general laws of science or art to a particular department.
Thus we find in the catalogues of lectures to be delivered in German universities medical propaedeutics, &c., enumerated."

== Netherlands ==
In the Netherlands, ''propedeuse'' is a propaedeutic diploma issued after the first year of studies, often referred to as "''P''" by students. Universities and ''university of applied sciences' are not forced by law to make use of this propaedeutic diploma,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Wet hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek )〕 but it is quite common. The diploma is not a recognized degree and thus grants no rights outside the Dutch educational system. It has remained in use after the introduction of the Bologna process and the international bachelor-master system in the Netherlands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap )
When in use at an educational institution, the propaedeutic diploma is a mandatory diploma which a student acquires by successfully completing all subjects (60 credits) and study requirements of the first year.〔 This first year is therefore also known as the ''propedeuse'' or the ''propedeutische fase'' (literally, "propaedeutical phase").〔 Some study programs require the student to score sufficient on an additional examination.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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