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Proteinuria ( or ; from ''protein'' and ''urine'') means the presence of an excess of serum proteins in the urine. The excess protein in the urine often causes the urine to become foamy, although foamy urine may also be caused by bilirubin in the urine (bilirubinuria),〔(URINALYSIS ) Ed Friedlander, M.D., Pathologist - Retrieved 2007-01-20〕 retrograde ejaculation,〔(foamy urine - Urology - MedHelp ) Retrieved 2007-01-20〕 pneumaturia (air bubbles in the urine) due to a fistula,〔 Retrieved 2007-01-20〕 or drugs such as pyridium.〔 == Causes == There are three main mechanisms to cause proteinuria: * Due to disease in the glomerulus * Because of increased quantity of proteins in serum (overflow proteinuria) * Due to low reabsorption at proximal tubule (Fanconi syndrome) Proteinuria can also be caused by certain biological agents, such as bevacizumab (Avastin) used in cancer treatment, or by excessive fluid intake (drinking in excess of 4 litres of water per day). Also leptin administration to normotensive Sprague Dawley rats during pregnancy significantly increases urinary protein excretion 〔Hisham S. Ibrahim, Gabriele Ruth Anisah Froemming, Effat Omar, and Harbindar Jeet Singh “ Leptin increases blood pressure and markers of endothelial activation during pregnancy in rats”. BioMed Research International Journal. Vol 2013. Article ID 298401, 6 pages.〕 Proteinuria may be a sign of renal (kidney) damage. Since serum proteins are readily reabsorbed from urine, the presence of excess protein indicates either an insufficiency of absorption or impaired filtration. People with diabetes may have damaged nephrons and develop proteinuria. The most common cause of proteinuria is diabetes, and in any person with proteinuria and diabetes, the etiology of the underlying proteinuria should be separated into two categories: diabetic proteinuria versus the field. With severe proteinuria, general hypoproteinemia can develop which results in diminished oncotic pressure. Symptoms of diminished oncotic pressure may include ascites, edema and hydrothorax. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「proteinuria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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