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protostates
A ''protostates'' 〔http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=prwtostaths&la=greek#lexicon〕 ((ギリシア語:πρωτοστάτης), "the one who stands first/in front"), in Ancient Greece, was the man in front of an ''epistates'' (the one who stands behind). The Greek phalanx was made up of alternate ranks of ''protostates'' and ''epistates''. Thus, in a file of 8 men, the ''protostates'' were the men in positions 1,3,5 and 7, while the epistates occupied positions 2,4,6 and 8.〔Asclepiodotus, Tactica, 2.3〕 The term remained in use into the Byzantine Empire. The foremost ''protostates'' of a file (''lochos'') was called a ''lochagos'' (λοχαγός).
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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