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Pseudogapping is an ellipsis mechanism that elides most but not all of a non-finite verb phrase; at least one part of the verb phrase remains, which is called the ''remnant''. Pseudogapping occurs in comparative and contrastive contexts, so it appears often after subordinators and coordinators such as ''if'', ''although'', ''but'', ''than'', etc. It is similar to verb phrase ellipsis (VP-ellipsis) insofar as the ellipsis is introduced by an auxiliary verb, and many grammarians take it to be a particular type of VP-ellipsis.〔See for instance Johnson (2001, 2009).〕 The distribution of pseudogapping is more restricted than that of VP-ellipsis, however, and in this regard, it has some traits in common with gapping.〔For accounts of gapping, see for instance Ross (1970) and Jackendoff (1971).〕 But unlike gapping (but like VP-ellipsis), pseudogapping occurs in English but not in closely related languages. The analysis of pseudogapping can vary greatly depending in part on whether the analysis is based in a phrase structure grammar or a dependency grammar. Pseudogapping was first identified, named, and explored by Stump (1977) and has since been studied in detail by Levin (1986) among others, and now enjoys a firm position in the canon of acknowledged ellipsis mechanisms of English.〔See for instance Jayaseelan (1990), Lasnik (1999), Baltin (2003), and Hoeksema (2006).〕 ==Basic examples== The following sentences are basic examples of VP-ellipsis and pseudogapping. Each pair draws attention to the similarities and differences across the two closely related ellipsis mechanisms. A smaller font and subscripts are used to mark the elided material: ::He drinks milk more often than she does drink milk. - VP-ellipsis ::He drinks milk more often than he does drink water. - Pseudogapping ::She is working today, but he isn't working today. - VP-ellipsis ::She is working today, and he is working tomorrow. - Pseudogapping ::Larry might read the short story, but I won't read the short story. - VP-ellipsis ::Larry might read the short story, but he won't read the play. - Pseudogapping The examples show that like VP-ellipsis, the ellipsis of pseudogapping is introduced by an auxiliary verb (''be'', ''can'', ''could'', ''have'', ''may'', ''might'', ''should'', ''will'', ''would'', etc.). The expression to the immediate right of the "pseudogap" is the remnant (''milk'', ''tomorrow'', ''the play''). As with the remnants of gapping, the remnant of pseudogapping must stand in contrast to the parallel expression in the antecedent clause,〔See for instance Kuno (1976: 309) and Hudson (1989: 67).〕 e.g. ''water'' must stand in contrast to ''milk'' in the first example. If it does not, the attempt at pseudogapping fails, e.g. :: *He drinks milk more often than she does drink milk. - Failed pseudogapping :: *She is working today, and he is working today also. - Failed pseudogapping :: *Larry might read the short story, but she won't read the short story. - Failed pseudogapping The star * indicates that the sentence is bad. These attempts at pseudogapping fail because the remnant does not stand in contrast to the parallel expression in the antecedent clause. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pseudogapping」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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