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A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. A psychiatrist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are medical doctors, unlike psychologists, and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental, or a strictly psychiatric one. The translation from Greek and Latin origin is as follows: "Psych"-Greek transliterated meaning breath, life, soul, spirit or mind; "Iatro" is Greek for physician and -ist in Latin comes from "ista or iste" and the pronoun means "that one" or "specialist". As part of the clinical assessment process they may employ a mental status examination, a physical examination, brain imaging such as computerized tomography (CT/CAT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, and blood testing. Psychiatrists prescribe medicine, and may also use psychotherapy, although the vast majority do medical management and refer to a psychologist or another specialized therapist for weekly to bi-monthly psychotherapy. == Subspecialties == The field of psychiatry has many subspecialties (also known as fellowship that require additional training which are certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) and require Maintenance of Certification Program (MOC) to continue. The following include: * Clinical neurophysiology * Forensic psychiatry * Addiction psychiatry * Child and Adolescent Psychiatry * Geriatric psychiatry * Hospice and palliative medicine * Pain management * Psychosomatic medicine (also known as consultation-liaison psychiatry) * Sleep medicine * Brain Injury Medicine Further, other specialties that exist include:〔 * Cross-cultural psychiatry * Emergency psychiatry * Learning disability * Neurodevelopmental disorder * Cognition diseases as in various forms of dementia * Biological psychiatry * Community psychiatry * Global Mental Health * Military psychiatry * Social psychiatry * Sports Psychiatry Some psychiatrists specialize in helping certain age groups. Pediatric psychiatry is the area of the profession working with children in addressing psychological problems.〔 Psychiatrists specializing in geriatric psychiatry work with the elderly and are called geriatric psychiatrists or geropsychiatrists.〔 Those who practice psychiatry in the workplace are called occupational psychiatrists in the United States and occupational psychology is the name used for the most similar discipline in the UK.〔 Psychiatrists working in the courtroom and reporting to the judge and jury, in both criminal and civil court cases, are called forensic psychiatrists, who also treat mentally disordered offenders and other patients whose condition is such that they have to be treated in secure units.〔〔 Other psychiatrists and mental health professionals in the field of psychiatry may also specialize in psychopharmacology, psychotherapy, psychiatric genetics, neuroimaging, dementia-related disorders/ sicknesses as Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep medicine, pain medicine, palliative medicine, eating disorders, sexual disorders, women's health, Global Mental Health, early psychosis intervention, mood disorders and anxiety disorders (including obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder).〔〔American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Inc. (5 March 2007). ''ABPN Certification - Subspecialties''. Retrieved March 25, 2007, from http://www.abpn.com/cert_subspecialties.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「psychiatrist」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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