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Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change and overcome problems in desired ways. Psychotherapy aims to increase each individual's well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviors, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships and social functioning. Certain psychotherapies are considered evidence-based for treating some diagnosed mental disorders. There are over a thousand different named psychotherapies, some being minor variations while others are based on very different conceptions of psychology, ethics (how to live) or techniques. Most involve one-to-one sessions between client and therapist but some are conducted with groups, including families. Therapists may be mental health professionals or come from a variety of other backgrounds, and depending on the jurisdiction may be legally regulated, voluntarily regulated or unregulated. ==Definitions== The term ''psychotherapy'' is derived from Ancient Greek ''psyche'' (ψυχή meaning "breath; spirit; soul") and ''therapeia'' (θεραπεία "healing; medical treatment"). The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines it now as "The treatment of disorders of the mind or personality by psychological methods..."〔"psychotherapy, n.". OED Online. March 2015. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/153946?rskey=jNoItF&result=1 (accessed May 23, 2015)〕 The American Psychological Association adopted a resolution on the effectiveness of psychotherapy in 2012 based on a definition developed by John C. Norcross: "Psychotherapy is the informed and intentional application of clinical methods and interpersonal stances derived from established psychological principles for the purpose of assisting people to modify their behaviors, cognitions, emotions, and/or other personal characteristics in directions that the participants deem desirable".〔APA (Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness ) Approved August 2012〕 Influential editions of a work by psychiatrist Jerome Frank defined psychotherapy as a healing relationship using socially authorized methods in a series of contacts primarily involving words, acts and rituals - regarded as forms of persuasion and rhetoric.〔Frank, J. D., & Frank, J. B. (1991, 3rd ed. First published 1961). (Persuasion and healing: A comparative study of psychotherapy ). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Page 2.〕 Some definitions of counseling overlap with psychotherapy (particularly non-directive client-centered approaches), or counseling may refer to guidance for everyday problems in specific areas, typically for shorter durations with a less medical focus.〔(History of Counselling & Psychotherapy ) Greg Mulhauser, CounsellingResource Library, 2014〕 Somatotherapy refers to the use of physical methods as treatments, and sociotherapy to the use of a person's social environment to effect therapeutic change.〔(Theory and Practice of Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Caring Practice ) Lynn Basford, Oliver Slevin, Nelson Thornes, 2003. Page 533〕 Psychotherapy may address spirituality as part of mental life, and some forms are derived from spiritual philosophies, but practices based on treating the spiritual as a separate dimension would not necessarily be considered psychotherapy.〔(Psychotherapy in a Traditional Society: Context, Concept and Practice ) Vijoy K Varma, Nitin Gupta. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2008. Page 230〕 Historically psychotherapy has sometimes meant 'interpretative' (i.e. Freudian) methods, by contrast with other methods to treat psychiatric disorders such as behavior modification. Psychotherapy is often dubbed 'talking therapy', particularly for a general audience,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= hhtp:/www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy )〕 though not all forms of psychotherapy rely on verbal communication.〔(Therapy' http://www.yourdictionary.com/talk-therapy ) The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition〕 Children or adults who do not engage in verbal communication (or not in the usual way) are not excluded from psychotherapy; indeed some types are designed for such cases. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「psychotherapy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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