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pulqueria
Pulquerías (or pulcherías) are a type of tavern in Mexico that specialize in serving an alcoholic beverage known as pulque. Established during early colonial rule, pulquerías remained popular venues for Mexican socializing until the mid-20th century. They were associated with extravagant decorations and names, Social drinking, music, dancing, gambling, fighting, crime, and sexual promiscuity. Central to daily life and culture in Mexico, government authorities throughout history generally saw them as threats to the social order and the progress of the nation. Numerous restrictions were later put on pulquerías and the sale of pulque. Today, there are very few pulquerías left operating in Mexico.
== Pulque production ==
Pulque is a milky, foamy, alcoholic beverage native to central Mexico and made from fermented maguey sap,〔"What Is Pulque?" ''Del Maguey''. N.p., n.d. 20 December 2013.〕 similar to tequila and mescal but with a much lower alcohol content, between 3 and 4%.〔Maria Aurea Toxqui Garay. ''"El Recreo de los Amigos." Mexico City's Pulquerias during the Liberal Republic (1856–1911)''〕 The maguey plant flourishes in hot climates with little to no water, as the plant stores water very well, much like a cactus.〔"The Amazing Maguey Plant." ''Aqui Es Texcoco''. N.p., n.d. 20 Dec 2013.〕 The maguey grows slowly and the sap must be removed shortly before the plant flowers. Once the tapping begins, the plant produces "about a half gallon (sap ) a day for three months."〔 With a tool that looks like a spoon and is called a ''tlaquiche'', a worker known as a ''tlachiquero'' "scrapes off the center of the plant to extract the liquid previously mentioned. He then collects it in a hollow bowl called an acocote, to then be placed in a container called an odre."〔"Mexico News Network." ''Taste Mexico and Drink Pulque''. N.p., n.d. 20 Dec 2013.〕 The containers used for the fermentation process are usually made from animal skins, often cow leather. Leather is popular because of its ability to thermoregulate; leather also provides the sap with necessary beneficial bacteria cultures that improve taste and consistency.〔 Pulque naturally ferments in less than twenty-four hours.〔 Because it will spoil quickly after this period, every step in the process must be taken in close sequence and physical proximity.〔 The maguey plants, the production and distribution facilities, and the places to which the pulque is distributed must all be relatively close together geographically. The taste has been described as slightly sour.〔 Pure pulque is often mixed with fruit juices and other foods to create different flavors.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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