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A puppy is a juvenile dog. Some puppies can weigh , while larger ones can weigh up to . All healthy puppies grow quickly after birth. A puppy's coat color may change as the puppy grows older, as is commonly seen in breeds such as the Yorkshire Terrier. In vernacular English, ''puppy'' refers specifically to dogs while ''pup'' may often be used for other mammals such as seals, giraffes, guinea pigs, or even rats. ==Development== Born after an average of 63 days of gestation, puppies emerge in an amnion that is bitten off and eaten by the mother dog.〔Whitehead, Sarah; ''Dog: The complete guide'', 1999, page 158〕 Puppies begin to nurse almost immediately. If the litter exceeds six puppies, particularly if one or more are obvious runts, human intervention in hand-feeding the stronger puppies is necessary to ensure that the runts get proper nourishment and attention from the mother. As they reach one month of age, puppies are gradually weaned and begin to eat solid food. The mother may regurgitate partially digested food for the puppies or might let them eat some of her solid food.〔Coren, Stanley; ''Why Does My Dog Act That Way?: A Complete Guide to Your Dog's Personality'', 2006, page 44〕 The mother dog usually refuses to nurse at this stage, though she might let them occasionally nurse for comfort. At first, puppies spend the large majority of their time sleeping and the rest feeding. They instinctively pile together into a heap, and become distressed if separated from physical contact with their littermates, by even a short distance.〔Larkin, Peter; ''The ultimate encyclopedia of dogs, dog breeds & dog care'', 2006, page 53〕 Puppies are born with a fully functional sense of smell but can't open their eyes. During their first two weeks, a puppy's senses all develop rapidly. During this stage the nose is the primary sense organ used by puppies to find their mother's teats, and to locate their litter-mates, if they become separated by a short distance. Puppies open their eyes about nine to eleven days following birth. At first, their retinas are poorly developed and their vision is poor. Puppies are not able to see as well as adult dogs. In addition, puppies' ears remain sealed until about thirteen to seventeen days after birth, after which they respond more actively to sounds. Between two to four weeks old, puppies usually begin to growl, bite, wag their tails, and bark.〔White, Linda; ''First Steps with Puppies and Kittens: A Practice-Team Approach to Behavior'', 2009, page 54〕 Puppies develop very quickly during their first three months, particularly after their eyes and ears open and they are no longer completely dependent on their mother. Their coordination and strength improve, they spar with their litter-mates, and begin to explore the world outside the nest. They play wrestling, chase, dominance, and tug-of-war games. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「puppy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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