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pyknon
Pyknon, (ギリシア語:πυκνόν), sometimes also transliterated as pycnon (from (ギリシア語:πυκνός) close, close-packed, crowded, condensed; ) in the music theory of Antiquity is a structural property of any tetrachord in which a composite of two smaller intervals is less than the remaining (incomposite) interval. The makeup of the ''pyknon'' serves to identify the melodic genus (also called "genus of a tetrachord") and the octave species made by compounding two such tetrachords, and the rules governing the ways in which such compounds may be made centre on the relationships of the two ''pykna'' involved.
==Definition==
The ''pyknon'' was an important criterion in the classification of melodic genera ((ギリシア語:γένη τῶν μελῳδουμένων)). The Greek word πυκνόν is an adjective meaning "close", "compact", "close-packed", or "crowded" . In Ancient Greek music theory, this term is used to describe a pair of intervals within a tetrachord, the sum of which is less than the remainder of the tetrachord . Although in modern usage, a tetrachord may be ''any'' four-note segment of a scale, or indeed any (unordered) collection of four pitch classes, in ancient Greek music theory a tetrachord consists of a four-note segment of the Greater and Lesser Perfect Systems bounded by the interval of a perfect fourth, the outer notes of which remain fixed in all genera and therefore are called "standing notes" ((ギリシア語:ἑστῶτες φθόγγοι)). The positions of the inner notes vary from one genus to another, for which reason they are called "movable notes" (; from (ギリシア語:κινούμενοι φθόγγοι)). In its basic theoretical form, the largest internal of a tetrachord is at the top, and the smallest at the bottom. The existence of a ''pyknon'' therefore depends on the uppermost interval being larger than half of a perfect fourth, which occurs only in the chromatic and enharmonic genera. Because the diatonic genus consists of two whole tones and one semitone, no single interval is larger than the other two combined, and so there is no ''pyknon'' . For this reason, the enharmonic and chromatic genera are sometimes called the "pyknic genera", in order to distinguish them from the diatonic .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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