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pyrantel
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Pyrantel is an antinematodal thiophene. It is often prescribed by veterinarians to treat and prevent the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small animal pets.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.
==Mechanism of action==
Pyrantel is a nicotinic receptor agonist.〔Aceves, J., Erlij, D., and Martinez-Maranon, R. (1970). (The mechanism of the paralysing action of tetramisole on Ascaris somatic muscle. ) Br. J. Pharmacol. 38, 602–607.〕〔Aubry, M.L., Cowell, P., Davey, M.J., and Shevde, S. (1970). (Aspects of the pharmacology of a new anthelmintic: pyrantel. ) Br. J. Pharmacol. 38, 332–344.〕 Like levamisole and the related pyrimidine ''morantel'', it can elicit spastic muscle paralysis in parasitic worms due to prolonged activation of the excitatory nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors on body wall muscle. This has been studied in body wall muscle preparation of the parasitic nematode ''Ascaris''.〔Martin, R.J., Verma, S., Levandoski, M., Clark, C.L., Qian, H., Stewart, M., and Robertson, A.P. (2005). (Drug resistance and neurotransmitter receptors of nematodes: recent studies on the mode of action of levamisole. ) Parasitology 131, S71–S84.〕
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