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The ''Qahal/Kahal'' ((ヘブライ語:קהל)) was a theocratic organisational structure in ancient Israelite society, according to the Masoretic Text of the Bible. In later centuries, ''Qahal'' was the name of the autonomous governments of Jewish communities in Eastern Europe.〔''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'', (1989) volume 2, entry for ''Kahal''〕 ==Etymology and meaning== The Hebrew word ''qahal'', which is a close etymological relation of the word ''qoheleth'', comes from a root meaning of ''convoked ()'';〔''Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible'', number 6951〕 its Arabic cognate, ''qala'', means ''to speak''.〔 Where the masoretic text uses the term ''qahal'', the Septuagint usually uses the Greek term ''Ekklesia'',〔 which means ''summoned group'' (and literally means ''they who are called out'').〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', entry for ''ecclesiastical''〕〔''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', entry for ''ecclesia''〕 However, in one particular part of the Priestly Code the Septuagint instead uses the term ''synagogen'',〔(Numbers 20, LXX )〕 literally meaning ''gathering'',〔Oxford English Dictionary'', entry for ''synagogue''〕 where the masoretic text uses ''qahal''.〔〕 Thus, the usual translation of ''qahal'' into English is ''congregation'' or ''assembly'', although ''asuppoth'',〔as for example, in 〕 ''atsarah'',〔as for example, in 〕'' 'edah'',〔as for example, in 〕 ''mo'ed'',〔as for example, in 〕 ''mikhra'',〔as for example, in 〕 and ''sod'',〔as for example, in 〕 are also usually translated like this.〔 In particular, the Biblical text consistently distinguishes between'' 'edah'' and ''qahal''.〔 One passage especially makes the distinction clear;〔 part of the Priestly Code discusses what to do if ''the whole Israelite () commits a sin and the () is not aware of it...''. Scholars conclude that the ''qahal'' must be a judicial body composed of representatives of the'' 'edah'';〔 in some biblical passages,'' 'edah'' is more accurately translated as ''swarm''.〔〔, where it refers to bees〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「qahal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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