|
In both the United Kingdom and Ireland, a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation (quango or QuANGO, less often QANGO or qango) is an organisation to which a government has devolved power. In the United Kingdom this term covers different "arm's-length" government bodies, including "non-departmental public bodies", non-ministerial departments, and executive agencies. The Forestry Commission, which is a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in England and Scotland, is an example of a quango. ==History== The term "quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation" was created in 1967 by the Carnegie Foundation's Alan Pifer in an essay on independence and accountability in public-funded bodies incorporated in the private sector. This term was shortened to "quango" by Anthony Barker, a British participant during a follow-up conference on the subject.〔(Letter: On Quasi-Public Organizations; Whence Came the Quango, and Why ) – New York Times Opinion page by Alan Pifer〕 It describes an ostensibly non-governmental organisation performing governmental functions, often in receipt of funding or other support from government,〔Wettenhall, R 1981 'The quango phenomenon', Current Affairs Bulletin 57(10):14–22.]〕 while mainstream NGOs mostly get their donations or funds from the public and other organisations that support their cause. Numerous quangos were created from the 1980s onwards. Examples in the United Kingdom include those engaged in the regulation of various commercial and service sectors, such as the Water Services Regulation Authority. An essential feature of a quango in the original definition was that it should not be a formal part of the state structure. The term was then extended to apply to a range of organisations, such as executive agencies providing (from 1988) health, education and other services. Particularly in the UK, this occurred in a polemical atmosphere in which it was alleged that proliferation of such bodies was undesirable and should be reversed (see below).〔("You've Been Quangoed!" ) by Roland Watson〕 This spawned the related acronym ''qualgo'', a 'quasi-autonomous ''local'' government organisation'.〔"(New body's waste plea )", ''The Times'', 18 April 1986: Gale Document Number:CJ117886677. Retrieved 5 Apr 2008. "London Waste Regulation Authority, the first 'qualgo' formed after abolition of the Greater London Council...The new body is a joint board of councilors from London boroughs. 'Qualgo' stands for 'quasi-autonomous local government organization', the municipal equivalent of a quango, in which members are appointed by other councilors".〕 The less contentious term non-departmental public body (NDPB) is often employed to identify numerous organisations with devolved governmental responsibilities. The UK government's definition in 1997 of a non-departmental public body or quango was: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「quango」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|