|
A quisling (; (:ˈkʋɪsˈlɪŋ)) is a person who collaborates with an enemy occupying force.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Quisling )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=quisling )〕 The word originates from the Norwegian war-time leader Vidkun Quisling, who headed a domestic Nazi collaborationist regime during the Second World War. ==Origin== The first use of the term ''quisling'' in reference to followers of Vidkun Quisling was made by Norwegian Labour Party politician Oscar Torp, in a 2 January 1933 newspaper interview. Further uses of the term were made by Aksel Sandemose, in a ''Dagbladet'' article in 1934, and by the newspaper ''Vestfold Arbeiderblad'', in 1936. J.R.R Tolkien used the term in English in "On Fairy-Stories", a presentation given in 1939 and first printed in 1947. The term was widely introduced to an English-speaking audience by the British newspaper ''The Times''. It published an editorial on 19 April 1940 titled "Quislings everywhere", after the Norwegian Vidkun Quisling, who assisted Nazi Germany as it conquered his own country so that he could rule the collaborationist Norwegian government himself. The ''Daily Mail'' picked up the term four days after ''The Times'' editorial was published, by May ''The War Illustrated'' wrote of "potential Quislings" among the Dutch during the German invasion of the Netherlands, and the BBC brought the word into common use internationally. ''The Times editorial asserted: "To writers, the word Quisling is a gift from the gods. If they had been ordered to invent a new word for traitor... they could hardly have hit upon a more brilliant combination of letters. Aurally it contrives to suggest something at once slippery and tortuous." The then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill used the term during an address to the Allied Delegates at St. James's Palace on 21 June 1941, when he said:〔(PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL'S SPEECH TO THE ALLIED DELEGATES ) British Library of Information, Retrieved- January 26, 2014〕 "A vile race of Quislings—to use a new word which will carry the scorn of mankind down the centuries—is hired to fawn upon the conqueror, to collaborate in his designs and to enforce his rule upon their fellow countrymen while groveling low themselves." He used the term again in an address to both houses of Congress in the United States of America on 26 December 1941.〔(Say Quislings Back Winnie ), The Windsor Daily Star, Nov 26, 1946, Retrieved- December 14, 2013〕 Commenting upon the effect of a number of Allied victories against Axis forces, and moreover the United States’ decision to enter the war, Churchill opined that; "Hope has returned to the hearts of scores of millions of men and women, and with that hope there burns the flame of anger against the brutal, corrupt invader. And still more fiercely burn the fires of hatred and contempt for the filthy Quislings whom he has suborned."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prime Minister Winston Churchill's address to the Congress of the United States )〕 It subsequently entered the language, and became a target for political cartoonists. In the United States it was used in the Warner Bros. film ''Edge of Darkness'' (1943) in reference to a traitorous villager, and in the Warner Bros. cartoon ''Tom Turk and Daffy'' (1944), uttered by a Thanksgiving turkey whose presence is betrayed to Porky Pig by Daffy Duck. Also, in a 1966 ''Peanuts'' comic strip, Linus tries to hide in Snoopy's doghouse only to have the beagle rat him out. "Traitor! Quisling! Squealer!" Linus shouts at Snoopy as his sister Lucy drags him away. The word has also been applied to Communist figures who participated in the establishment of Communist rėgimes. As an illustration, the renegade socialist Zdenek Fierlinger of Czechoslovakia was frequently derided as "Quislinger" for his collaboration with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.〔Gunther, John (1961). Inside Europe Today. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 334. LCCN 61-9706〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「quisling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|