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radius : ウィキペディア英語版
radius

In classical geometry, the radius of a circle or sphere is the length of a line segment from its center to its perimeter. The name comes from Latin ''radius'', meaning "ray" but also the spoke of a chariot wheel.〔(Definition of Radius ) at dictionary.reference.com. Accessed on 2009-08-08.
〕 The plural of ''radius'' can be either ''radii'' (from the Latin plural) or the conventional English plural ''radiuses''. The typical abbreviation and mathematic variable name for "radius" is r. By extension, the diameter d is defined as twice the radius:〔
(Definition of radius ) at mathwords.com. Accessed on 2009-08-08.〕
:d \doteq 2r \quad \Rightarrow \quad r = \frac.
If an object does not have an obvious center, the term may refer to its circumradius, the radius of its circumscribed circle or circumscribed sphere. In either case, the radius may be more than half the diameter, which is usually defined as the maximum distance between any two points of the figure. The inradius of a geometric figure is usually the radius of the largest circle or sphere contained in it. The inner radius of a ring, tube or other hollow object is the radius of its cavity.
For regular polygons, the radius is the same as its circumradius.〔Barnett Rich, Christopher Thomas (2008), ''Schaum's Outline of Geometry'', 4th edition, 326 pages. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0-07-154412-7, ISBN 978-0-07-154412-2. ( Online version ) accessed on 2009-08-08.〕 The inradius of a regular polygon is also called apothem. In graph theory, the radius of a graph is the minimum over all vertices ''u'' of the maximum distance from ''u'' to any other vertex of the graph.〔Jonathan L. Gross, Jay Yellen (2006), ''Graph theory and its applications''. 2nd edition, 779 pages; CRC Press. ISBN 1-58488-505-X, 9781584885054. (Online version ) accessed on 2009-08-08.〕
The radius of the circle with perimeter (circumference) ''C'' is
:r = \frac.
Alternatively, this can be expressed as
:r = \frac.
, with (tau) being equal to 2 exactly,〔Hartl, Michael. The Tau Manifesto. http://www.tauday.com/tau-manifesto〕 although this has yet to gain mainstream usage.
== Formulae ==

For many geometrical figures, the radius has a well-defined relationship with other measures of the figure.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「radius」の詳細全文を読む



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