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Ranitidine, sold under the trade name Zantac among others, is a medication that decreases stomach acid production.〔 It is commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.〔 There is also tentative evidence of benefit for hives. It can be taken by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or into a vein.〔 Common side effects include headaches and pain or burning if given by inject. Serious side effects may include liver problems, a slow heart rate, pneumonia, and the potential of masking stomach cancer.〔 It is also linked to an increased the risk of ''Clostridium difficile'' colitis. It is generally safe in pregnancy. Ranitidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that works by decreases the amount of acid released by cells of the stomach.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/ranitidine-hydrochloride.html )〕 Ranitidine was discovered in 1976 at Glaxo Pharmaceuticals, now a part of GlaxoSmithKline. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication.〔 The wholesale price is about 0.01 to 0.05 USD per pill.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=RAN150T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=150%20mg&desc=Ranitidine&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=17%2E1%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2817%2E1%2E%29Antiulcer%20medicines%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States it is about 0.05 USD per dose.〔 ==Medical uses== * Relief of heartburn * Short-term and maintenance therapy of gastric and duodenal ulcers * Ranitidine can also be coadministered with NSAIDs to reduce the risk of ulceration. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are more effective for the prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers. * Pathologic gastrointestinal (GI) hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome * Gastroesophageal reflux * Erosive esophagitis * Part of a multidrug regimen for ''H. pylori'' eradication to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence * Recurrent postoperative ulcer * Upper GI bleeding * Prevention of acid-aspiration pneumonitis during surgery: Ranitidine can be administered preoperatively to reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia. The drug not only increases gastric pH, but also reduces the total output of gastric juice. In a 2009 meta-analysis comparing the net benefit of proton pump inhibitors and ranitidine to reduce the risk of aspiration before anesthesia, ranitidine was found to be more effective than proton pump inhibitors in reducing the volume of gastric secretions. Ranitidine may have an antiemetic effect when administered preoperatively. * Prevention of stress-induced ulcers in critically ill patients 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ranitidine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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