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rappen
A Rappen (pl. Rappen) originally was a variant of the medieval Pfennig ("penny") common to the Alemannic German regions Alsace, Sundgau and Northern Switzerland. As with other German pennies, its half-piece was a Haller, the smallest piece which was struck.
Today, one-hundredth of a Swiss franc is still officially called a Rappen in German and Swiss German. In French speaking Switzerland, the modern Swiss coins are called centime and "centimes", in Italian speaking Switzerland, centesimo and "centesimi" respectively.
==Name==
The origin of the term can be traced back to the ''Rappenpfennig'', a form of the penny minted in Freiburg im Breisgau in the 13th century featuring an eagle, which later on was interpreted to depict a raven (German ''"Rabe"''; the word is thus a cognate of its German homophone ''"Rappen"'' referring to a "raven"-black horse).
Due to the coin's wide circulation in the Upper Rhine region, it was adopted as standard currency in the so-called ''Rappenbund'' ("Rappen federation"), a union of regional mints formed in 1399 that included the Bishop of Basel and most of the region's larger cities. After the dissolution of the Rappenbund in 1584, a number of Swiss states continued to mint rappen within their territories, where they remained in local use until the middle of the 19th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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