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Raznochintsy ((ロシア語:разночинцы); (:rəznɐˈtɕintsɨ); literally "people of miscellaneous ranks")〔The singular is ''raznochinets'' (; (:rəznɐˈtɕinʲɪts)).〕 was an official term introduced in the Code of Law of the Russian Empire in the 17th century to define a social estate that included the lower court and governmental ranks, children of ''personal dvoryans'', and discharged military, The category of ''raznochintsy'' grew significantly during the massive trimming down of the category of "servicemen" (:ru:служилые люди) in the second half of the 17th century. ''Raznochintsy'' were of taxable estate, i.e., those who had to pay personal taxes (подушная подать). In the mid-18th century the category was abolished, and a significant part of ''raznochintsy'' were transferred into peasantry, but many became merchants and various urban categories (urban ''sosloviya''). As a result, ''raznochinsty'' of 17th-18th centuries significantly contributed to the urban growth in Siberia 〔(Siberian Merchantry of 18-19th Centuries ) 〕 Later, in the common speech the term acquired a somewhat opposite meaning: ''raznochintsy'' became to denote persons of non-noble origin who due to their education were excluded from the taxable status and could apply for the status of personal distinguished citizenship (личное почетное гражданство). A significant number of Russian ''intelligentsia'' of 19th century were ''raznochintsy''. ==References== 〔 * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「raznochintsy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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