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reoviridae
Reoviridae is a family of viruses. They have a wide host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and fungi.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/104.html )〕 There are currently 87 species in this family, divided among 30 genera.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release )〕 Reoviruses can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as ''Rotavirus'') and respiratory tract. The name "Reo-" is derived from ''respiratory enteric orphan viruses.''〔(MicrobiologyBytes )—Reoviruses〕 The term "orphan virus" refers to the fact that some of these viruses have been observed not associated with any known disease. Even though viruses in the Reoviridae family have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used.
Reovirus infection occurs often in humans, but most cases are mild or subclinical. Rotavirus, however, can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal distress in children. The virus can be readily detected in feces, and may also be recovered from pharyngeal or nasal secretions, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. Despite the ease of finding Reovirus in clinical specimens, their role in human disease or treatment is still uncertain.
Some viruses of this family infect plants. For example, Phytoreovirus and Oryzavirus.
== Structure ==
Reoviruses are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid composed of an outer (T=13) and inner (T=2) protein shell.〔〔 The genomes of viruses in Reoviridae contain 10–12 segments which are grouped into three categories corresponding to their size: L (large), M (medium) and S (small). Segments range from about 3.9 to 1 kbp and each segment encodes 1–3 proteins (10-14 proteins in total〔). Reoviridae proteins are denoted by the Greek character corresponding to the segment it was translated from (the L segment encodes for λ proteins, the M segment encodes for μ proteins and the S segment encodes for σ proteins).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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