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respirometry
Respirometry is a general term that encompasses a number of techniques for obtaining estimates of the rates of metabolism of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, tissues, cells, or microorganisms via an indirect measure of heat production (calorimetry).
== Whole-animal metabolic rates ==
The metabolism of an animal is estimated by determining rates of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) of individual animals, either in a closed or an open-circuit respirometry system. Two measures are typically obtained: standard (SMR) or basal metabolic rate (BMR) and maximal rate (VO2max). SMR is measured while the animal is at rest (but not asleep) under specific laboratory (temperature, hydration) and subject-specific conditions (e.g., size or allometry〔White, C. R., and R. S. Seymour. 2005. Allometric scaling of mammalian metabolism. ''Journal of Experimental Biology'' 208(9):1611-1619.〕), age, reproduction status, post-absorptive to avoid thermic effect of food).〔Blaxter, K. 1989. ''Energy metabolism in animals and man''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36931-2〕 VO2max is typically determined during aerobic exercise at or near physiological limits.〔Weibel, E. R., and H. Hoppeler. 2005. Exercise-induced maximal metabolic rate scales with muscle aerobic capacity. ''Journal of Experimental Biology'' 208(9):1635-1644.〕 In contrast, field metabolic rate (FMR) refers to the metabolic rate of an unrestrained, active animal in nature.〔Nagy, K. A. 2005. Field metabolic rate and body size. ''Journal of Experimental Biology'' 208(9):1621-1625.〕 Whole-animal metabolic rates refer to these measures without correction for body mass. If SMR or BMR values are divided by the body mass value for the animal, then the rate is termed mass-specific. It is this mass-specific value that one typically hears in comparisons among species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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