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Rifaximin (trade names: Rifagut, Xifaxan, Zaxine) is a semisynthetic antibiotic based on rifamycin. It has poor oral bioavailability, meaning that very little of the drug will be absorbed into the blood stream when it is taken orally. Rifaximin is used in the treatment of traveler's diarrhea and hepatic encephalopathy, for which it received orphan drug status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1998. ==Uses== Rifaximin is licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat traveler's diarrhea caused by ''E. coli''.〔 Retrieved November 15, 2008.〕 Clinical trials have shown that rifaximin is highly effective at preventing and treating traveler's diarrhea among travelers to Mexico, with few side effects and low risk of developing antibiotic resistance. It is not effective against ''Campylobacter jejuni'', and there is no evidence of efficacy against ''Shigella'' or ''Salmonella'' species. It may be efficacious in relieving chronic functional symptoms of bloating and flatulence that are common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS),〔(Antibiotic May Help Ease Irritable Bowel ), ''Businessweek'', January 05, 2011〕 especially IBS-D. There was recently a pilot-study done on the efficacy of rifaximin as a means of treatment for rosacea, according to the study, induced by the co-presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.〔Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in rosacea: clinical effectiveness of its eradication. Parodi A, Paolino S, Greco A, Drago F, Mansi C, Rebora A, Parodi A, Savarino V.〕 In the United States, rifaximin has orphan drug status for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Although high-quality evidence is still lacking, rifaximin appears to be as effective as or more effective than other available treatments for hepatic encephalopathy (such as lactulose), is better tolerated, and may work faster.〔 (Free full text with registration ) at Medscape.〕 The drawbacks to rifaximin are increased cost and lack of robust clinical trials for HE without combination lactulose therapy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「rifaximin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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