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The title of riksspelman (pl. ''riksspelmän''), or "National Folk Musician" of Sweden, is a generally recognized badge of mastery for Swedish folk musicians. It is an honor bestowed upon bearers of the silver or gold Zorn Badge, awarded annually by the Zorn Jury, a panel of experts under the auspices of Svenska Folkdansringen.〔Ramsten (1985): 193.〕 The silver Zorn Badge is the highest award attainable for musicians who play before the Zorn Jury in their annual Zorn Trials. (Other possible awards include a certificate, bronze Zorn Badge, and post-bronze certificate.〔Kaminsky (2007):27.〕) The gold Zorn Badge cannot be sought, but is reserved for one or two master musicians pre-selected by the Jury.〔Kaminsky (2007):27-28.〕 Since the creation of the riksspelman title in 1933, it has been awarded to an average of ten people per year.〔"Sedan 1933 har ca 740 manliga och kvinnliga spelmän erövrat Zornmärket i silver och således blivit riksspelmän (1933, approximately 740 male and female folk musicians have gained the silver Zorn Badge and so become riksspelmän )" (Folkdansringen).〕 Sweden today has approximately 300 living riksspelmän.〔"man räknar med att det idag finns omkring 300 riksspelmän (is estimated that there are about 300 riksspelmän today )" (Hallhagen 2007).〕 ==Etymology== In 1910, a national folk musicians' gathering (''riksspelmansstämma'') was called at Skansen, Stockholm's open-air museum of Swedish folk culture.〔Ramsten (1985):193.〕 A number of musicians were invited to play; the 65 who heeded the call were all awarded a silver badge designed and financed by the painter Anders Zorn. Later, in 1933, Svenska Ungdomsringen för bygdekultur (The Swedish Youth Ring for Village Culture) created a system by which folk musicians could play music before a jury of experts.〔 Various awards for the participants of these Trials would be handed out at an annual "National Folk Musicians' Gathering," a name taken from that original event in 1910.〔 The highest award for participants in the Trials would be that same silver badge designed by Anders Zorn. Those who received this highest honor would be known as "National Folk Musicians" (riksspelmän).〔 In other words, while the name of the event was taken from that initial gathering in 1910, the meaning was changed in 1933. In 1910, the national folk musicians' gathering was a National Gathering of Folk Musicians. In 1933, it became a Gathering of National Folk Musicians (''riksspelmän'').〔Kaminsky (2007):28.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「riksspelman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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