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In the Vedas the term Rishi ((サンスクリット:ऋषि) ') denotes an inspired poet of Vedic hymns. Post-Vedic tradition of Hinduism regards the Rishis as "seers", "sages" or saints, who after intense meditation (Tapas) realized truths and eternal knowledge, which they composed into hymns.〔Hartmut Scharfe (2002), Handbook of Oriental Studies, BRILL Academic, ISBN 978-9004125568, pages 13-15〕 ==Etymology== According to Indian tradition, the word may be derived from two different meanings of the root 'rsh'. Sanskrit grammarians〔''cf.'' Commentary on ''Unādi-Sutra'', iv, 119〕 derive this word from the second meaning: "to go, to move".〔Dhātupāṭha of Pānini, xxviii). V. S. Apte〕 V. S. Apte〔V. S. Apte (Sanskrit-Hindi Kosh, 1890, reprint 1997 by Motilāl Banārasidās Publishers, Delhi)〕 gives this particular meaning and derivation, and Monier-Williams also gives the same, with some qualification. Another form of this root means "to flow, to move near by flowing". (All the meanings and derivations cited above are based upon ''Sanskrit English Dictionary'' of Monier-Williams).〔 Monier-Williams also quotes Tārānātha who compiled the great (Sanskrit-to-Sanskrit) dictionary named "ṛṣati jñānena saṃsāra-pāram" (i.e., "one who reaches beyond this mundane world by means of spiritual knowledge"). More than a century ago, Monier-Williams tentatively suggested a derivation from ' "to see".〔http://flaez.ch/cgi-bin/mw.pl?query=RSi〕 Monier-Wiliams also quotes the Hibernian (Irish) form ''arsan'' (a sage, a man old in wisdom) and ''arrach'' (old, ancient, aged) as related to ''rishi''. In Sanskrit, forms of the root ''rish'' become ''arsh-'' in many words, (e.g., ''arsh''). Monier-Williams also conjectures that the root ''drish'' (to see) might have given rise to an obsolete root ''rish'' meaning "to see". However, the root has a close Avestan cognate ''(unicode:ərəšiš)''〔Yasna 31.5; cf. 40.4〕 "an ecstatic" (see also Yurodivy, Vates). Yet the Indo-European dictionary of Julius Pokorny connects the word to a PIE root ' meaning "rise, protrude", in the sense of "excellent". Modern etymological explanations such as by Manfred Mayrhofer in his ''Etymological Dictionary''〔''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen'', Heidelberg 1986, I 261〕 leave the case open, and do not prefer a connection to ' "pour, flow" (PIE '), rather one with German ''rasen'' "to be ecstatic, be in a different state of mind" (and perhaps Lithuanian ''aršus''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「rishi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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