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roadstead
A roadstead ((ドイツ語:Reede); (フランス語:rade); (ロシア語:''рейд'')) is a body of water sheltered from rip currents, spring tides or ocean swell outside a harbor where ships can lie reasonably safely at anchor without dragging or snatching while waiting for their turn to enter a port of call.〔United States Army technical manual, TM 5-360. ''(Port Construction and Rehabilitation )''. Washington: United States. Government Printing Office, 1964.〕〔(Oxford Dictionaries: Definition of ''roadstead'' in English )〕 It can be open or natural, usually - estuary-based, or may be created artificially.〔(Roadstead: Extensive Definition )〕 In maritime law, a "known general station for ships, notoriously used as such, and distinguished by the name".〔(Black's Law Dictionary: What is ''roadstead''? )〕 Charts and nautical publications often use ''roads'' rather than ''roadsteads'';〔Walker, George K. ''Definitions for the Law of the Sea: Terms Not Defined by the 1982 Convention''. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2012.〕 'Roads' is the earlier term. In the days of sailing ships, some voyages could only easily be made with a change in wind direction, and ships would wait for a change of wind in a safe anchorage, such as the Downs or Yarmouth Roads. Daniel Defoe has Robinson Crusoe recall of an early journey in the coastal trade: "The sixth day of our being at sea we came into Yarmouth Roads; the wind having been contrary, and the weather calm, we had made but little way since the storm. Here we were obliged to come to an anchor, and here we lay, the wind continuing contrary, viz., at southwest, for seven or eight days, during which time a great many ships from Newcastle came into the same Roads..."
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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