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Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, dating to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South. As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ROCKABILLY Definition )〕 leading to what is considered "classic" rock and roll.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ROCKABILLY Definition )〕 Some have also described it as a blend of the bluegrass style with rock and roll.〔The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.〕 The term "rockabilly" itself is a portmanteau of "rock" (from "rock 'n' roll") and "hillbilly", the latter a reference to the country music (often called "hillbilly music" in the 1940s and 1950s) that contributed strongly to the style. Other important influences on rockabilly include western swing, boogie woogie, jump blues and electric blues.〔 Defining features of the rockabilly sound included strong rhythms, vocal twangs and common use of the tape echo,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fundamentals of Rockabilly )〕 but the progressive addition of different instruments and vocal harmonies led to its "dilution".〔 Initially popularized by artists such as Bill Haley, Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Bob Luman and Jerry Lee Lewis,〔 the influence and success of the style waned in the 1960s; nonetheless, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, rockabilly enjoyed a major revival through acts such as Stray Cats. An interest in the genre endures even in the 21st century, often within a subculture. Rockabilly has left a legacy, spawning a variety of sub-styles and influencing other genres such as punk rock.〔 ==Origins== There was a close relationship between blues and country music from the very earliest country recordings in the 1920s. The first nationwide country hit was "Wreck of the Old 97",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Old97song page )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Old97 page )〕 backed with "Lonesome Road Blues", which also became quite popular. Jimmie Rodgers, the "first true country star", was known as the "Blue Yodeler", and most of his songs used blues-based chord progressions, although with very different instrumentation and sound from the recordings of his black contemporaries like Blind Lemon Jefferson and Bessie Smith.〔''Mystery Train: Images of America in Rock 'n' Roll Music'' by Greil Marcus 1982 E.P. Dutton p.291〕 Most greasers used to listen to rockabilly, especially Elvis Presley. It is today considered close to 50s American car culture, hot rodding. During the 1930s and 1940s, two new sounds emerged. Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys were the leading proponents of Western Swing, which combined country singing and steel guitar with big band jazz influences and horn sections; Wills's music found massive popularity. Recordings of Wills's from the mid 1940s to the early 1950s include "two beat jazz" rhythms, "jazz choruses", and guitar work that preceded early rockabilly recordings.〔''San Antonio Rose: The Life and Music of Bob Wills''. Charles R. Townsend. 1976. University of Illinois. Page 289. ISBN 0-252-00470-1〕 Wills is quoted as saying "Rock and Roll? Why, man, that's the same kind of music we've been playin' since 1928!... But it's just basic rhythm and has gone by a lot of different names in my time. It's the same, whether you just follow a drum beat like in Africa or surround it with a lot of instruments. The rhythm's what's important."〔''San Antonio Rose: The Life and Music of Bob Wills''. Charles R. Townsend. 1976. University of Illinois. Page 269. ISBN 0-252-00470-1〕 After blues artists like Meade Lux Lewis and Pete Johnson launched a nationwide boogie craze starting in 1938, country artists like Moon Mullican, the Delmore Brothers, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Speedy West, Jimmy Bryant, and the Maddox Brothers and Rose began recording what was known as "Hillbilly Boogie", which consisted of "hillbilly" vocals and instrumentation with a boogie bass line.〔''Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock & Roll'' by Nick Tosches 1996 Da Capo Press〕 The Maddox Brothers and Rose were at "the leading edge of rockabilly with the slapped bass that Fred Maddox had developed".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NPR's series of chronicles on American Music )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NPR podcast )〕 Maddox said, "You've got to have somethin' they can tap their foot, or dance to, or to make 'em ''feel'' it." After World War II the band shifted into higher gear leaning more toward a whimsical honky-tonk feel, with a heavy, manic bottom end - the slap bass of Fred Maddox. "They played hillbilly music but it sounded real hot. They played real loud for that time, too ..."〔''Workin' Man Blues: Country Music in California''. Gerald W. Haslan. University of California Press. 1999. Pages 170, 171. ISBN 0-520-21800-0.〕 The Maddoxes were also known for their lively "antics and stuff." "We always put on a show ... I mean it just wasn't us up there pickin' and singing. There was something going on all the time."〔''Workin' Man Blues: Country Music in California''. Gerald W. Haslan. University of California Press. 1999. Page 170. ISBN 0-520-21800-0.〕 "... the demonstrative Maddoxes, helped release white bodies from traditional motions of decorum... more and more younger white artists began to behave on stage like the lively Maddoxes."〔''Workin' Man Blues: Country Music in California''. Gerald W. Haslan. University of California Press. 1999. Page 132. ISBN 0-520-21800-0.〕 Others believe that they were not only at the leading edge, but were one of the first Rockabilly groups, if not the first.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=kcmuseum page on Maddox Brothers )〕 Along with country, swing and boogie influences, jump blues artists such as Wynonie Harris and Roy Brown, and electric blues acts such as Howlin' Wolf, Junior Parker, and Arthur Crudup, influenced the development of rockabilly.〔Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, Stephen Thomas Erlewine, ''All Music Guide to Country: The Definitive Guide to Country Music'', (page 912 )〕 The Memphis blues musician Junior Parker and his electric blues band, Little Junior's Blue Flames, featuring Pat Hare on the guitar, were a major influence on the rockabilly style, particularly with their songs "Love My Baby" and "Mystery Train" in 1953. Zeb Turner's February 1953 recording of "Jersey Rock" with its mix of musical styles, lyrics about music and dancing, and guitar solo,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RCS page for Zeb Turner )〕 is another example of the mixing of musical genres in the first half of the 1950s. Bill Monroe is known as the Father of Bluegrass, a specific style of country music. Many of his songs were in blues form, while others took the form of folk ballads, parlor songs, or waltzes. Bluegrass was a staple of country music in the early 1950s, and is often mentioned as an influence in the development of rockabilly.〔''Bluegrass Breakdown: The Making of the Old Southern Sound'' by Robert Cantwell 1992 Da Capo Press ISBN 0-252-07117-4〕 The Honky Tonk sound, which "tended to focus on working-class life, with frequently tragic themes of lost love, adultery, loneliness, alcoholism, and self-pity", also included songs of energetic, uptempo Hillbilly Boogie. Some of the better known musicians who recorded and performed these songs are: the Delmore Brothers, the Maddox Brothers and Rose, Merle Travis, Hank Williams, Hank Snow, and Tennessee Ernie Ford.〔"The Roots of Rock 'n' Roll 1946–1954" 2004 Universal Music Enterprises〕 Curtis Gordon's 1953 "Rompin' and Stompin'", an uptempo hillbilly-boogie included the lyrics, "Way down south where I was born / They rocked all night 'til early morn' / They start rockin' / They start rockin' an rollin'."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RCS-Curtis Gordon recordings with links to sample and label )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=RCS-MP3 of a Gordon recordings )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「rockabilly」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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