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sallekhana
Sallekhanā (also Santhara, Samadhi-marana, Sanyasana-marana), is the Jain practice of facing death voluntarily at the end of one's life. It is prescribed both for the householder and ascetics. Sallekhana is made up from two words ''sal'' (meaning 'properly') and ''lekhana'', which means to thin out. Properly thinning out of the passions and the body is 'Sallekhanā'. Sallekhana is allowed only when a person is suffering from incurable disease or great disability or when a person is nearing his end. It is a highly respected practice among the members of the Jain community. According to Jain Agamas, sallekhanā leads to ''ahimsā'' (non-violence or non-injury), as person observing sallekhanā subjugates the passions, which are the root cause of himsā (injury or violence).
== Overview ==
In Jainism, both ascetics and householders (śrāvaka) have to follow five major vows (vratas). Ascetics must observe these vows more strictly. Jain ethical code also prescribe seven supplementary vows, which include three ''guņa vratas'' and four ''śikşā vratas''.
An ascetic or householder who has observed all these vows to shed the ''karmas'', takes the vow of Sallekhana at the end of his life. According to the Jain text, ''Purushartha Siddhyupaya'', "sallekhana enable a householder to carry with him his wealth of piety". Sallekhana is treated as a supplementary to the twelve vows taken by Jains. However, some Jain Acharyas such as Kundakunda, Devasena, Padmanandin and Vasunandin have included it under the last vow, śikşā-vrata.
According to Tattvartha Sutra (a compendium of Jain principles):"A householder willingly or voluntary adopts Sallekhana when death is very near."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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