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Sangley (Sangleye, Sangley Mestizo, Mestisong Sangley, Mestizo de Sangley or Chinese mestizo; plural: ''Sangleys'' or ''Sangleyes''), is an archaic term used in the Philippines beginning in the Spanish Colonial Period to describe and classify a person of pure Chinese ancestry. The Spanish used the term ''mestizo de sangley'' to refer to a person of mixed Chinese and indigenous/Indio (Filipino) ancestry (the latter were referred to as ''Indio''). The Chinese immigrants and their descendants played important roles in the Philippines, contributing to trade, culture and politics. Today, Filipinos widely use the term ''Tsinoy'' (from the Spanish word ''Chino'', and the word ''Pinoy'') to refer to a person of Chinese and other East Asian ancestries (Japanese or Korean). Many ''mestizo de sangley'' prefer to identify simply as ''mestizo.'' The Chinese had entered the Philippines as traders for years prior to Spanish colonization. That development increased some work and business opportunities. Many emigrated to the Philippines, establishing concentrated communities first in Manila, then in other cities. ==Etymology== ''Sangley'' comes directly from the ''Hokkien'' Chinese word seng-li (),〔 meaning "business". Hokkien, also known as Min-nan, Amoy, Hoklo, or Holo, is a major language of Southern Fujian and northeastern Guangdong provinces in China, as well as Taiwan. The majority of Chinese sojourners, traders, and settlers in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period came from southern Fujian and spoke Hokkien, leaving their mark on Filipino culture (especially the cuisine). Although ''mestizo de sangley'' literally means "mixed-race (person) of business", its implicit meaning is "mixed-race (person) of Chinese and indigenous/Indio (Filipino) descent", because many early Chinese immigrants were traders who intermixed with the local population. By default, ''mestizo'' without the qualifying ''de sangley'' means a mixed-race person of Spanish/European ancestry and indigenous/Indio (Filipino) ancestry. But due to the fewer number of European mestizos in the Philippines, the term ''mestizo'' came to refer to ''mestizo de sangley''. For example, Benito Legarda used this definition when talking to the United States Philippine Commission (1899–1900), citing Wenceslao Retana's ''Diccionario de filipinismos'' (1921). The term ''chino mestizo'' was also used interchangeably with ''mestizo de sangley''. In the 16th to 19th-century Spanish Philippines, the term ''mestizo de sangley'' differentiated ethnic Chinese from other types of island mestizos (such as those of mixed Indio and Spanish ancestry, who were fewer in number.) Due to their Indio ancestry (generally on the maternal side), the Chinese mestizos were granted the legal status of colonial subjects of Spain, with certain rights and privileges denied the pure-blooded Chinese immigrants (''sangleys''). Today, ''Tsinoy'' (from the word ''Tsino'' or ''Chino'' in Spanish, and the word ''Pinoy'') is widely used to describe a ''Sangley'', but it is also commonly applied to mixed-blooded Filipinos having East Asian ancestries in general (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) who possess similar physical features. However, among Chinese-Filipino mestizos, many use and prefer the generic term ''mestizo''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sangley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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