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The Saqīfah ((アラビア語:السقيفة)), also known as Saqīfah Banī Sā'idah ((アラビア語:سقيفة بني ساعدة)), was a roofed building used by a Jewish tribe called Banu Sa'idah, a faction of Banu Khazraj tribe of the city of Madinah in Hejaz, western Arabia. == Significance of Saqifah == The name of the house is used as shorthand for the event, or the gathering, which was a crucial turning point in the history of Islam. On the day Muhammad died (June 8, 632 CE), the Medinan Muslim or "Ansar" gathered in the Saqifah to discuss the future and leadership of the Muslims. There were two Ansar tribes, the Khazraj and the Aws; both were present. However, the Muhajirun, or Muslim emigrants from Mecca, had not been notified of the gathering. Muhammad Ibn Jarir Tabari writes in his Ta'rikh at page 456, Volume II that ‘Umar came to the door of the Prophet's house but did not enter. He sent a word to Abu Bakr: "Come immediately; I have urgent business with you." Abu Bakr sent message to him that he had no time. ‘Umar sent another message: "We have came across a critical issue. Your presence is required." Abu Bakr came out and was informed secretly about the gathering of the Ansars in the Saqifah by umar. ‘Umar said that they should go there at once and both of them moved. After a tumultuous debate, the details of which are highly contested, those who gathered there gave their allegiance, or ''bay'ah'', to Abu Bakr as the new leader of the Islamic community. There were some Muslims who felt that Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, should have been the new leader. They initially refused to take the oath to Abu Bakr and were known as the ''Shi'ah Ali'' or "Follower of Ali." They did so because Ali himself didn't take the oath. Over time, disaffection with the government of the caliphs strengthened the ranks of the Shi'ah Ali. This eventually led to the separation of the Muslim community into the Sunni and Shi'a traditions. Sunnis believe Abu Bakr, the first adult man to convert to Islam, Muhammad’s companion, and father-in-law, was his first successor. In contrast, the Shi'ah believe that Ali, first to convert to Islam and Muhammad's first cousin and son-in-law, and his lineal descendants (known as Imams) had a divinely ordained right to lead the community religiously and politically. Though Sunnis do not give much importance to this event. Shias still consider the Event at Saqifah to be one of the turning points in Islamic history where Ahlul Bayt, the household of Muhammad suffered many tribulations afterwards. The denial of the inheritance of Muhammad's only daughter, Bibi Fatima Zahra of Fadak by the First Caliph, Abu Bakr. There is a famous incident of Bibi Fatima taking a group of women as witnesses to publicly contest the decision in the mosque where Abu Bakr ruled. Ali observed active passivity in the years following the Event of Saqifah. He chose not voice his opposition to the decision of appointing Abu Bakr as it would cause much fitna (infighting) amongst the early Muslims. However, the First three Caliphs relied heavily on the advice of Ali during times of confusion and distress; claiming that their Caliphates would have collapsed without him. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「saqifah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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