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sarissa
The sarissa or sarisa ((ギリシア語:σάρισα)) was a long spear or pike about in length used in ancient Greek and Hellenistic warfare. It was introduced by Philip II of Macedon and was used in his Macedonian phalanxes as a replacement for the earlier dory, which was considerably shorter. These longer spears improved the traditional strength of the phalanx by extending the rows of overlapping weapons projecting towards the enemy, and the word remained in use throughout the Byzantine years to sometimes describe the long spears of their own infantry.〔''11th century'', Michael Attaleiates, ''The History'', A.1047〕〔''6th century'', Agathias Scholasticus, ''Histories'', B.43〕
==Composition and utility==
The sarissa, made of tough and resilient cornel wood, was very heavy for a spear, weighing approximately to .〔Markle 324〕 It had a sharp iron head shaped like a leaf and a bronze butt-spike that would allow it to be anchored to the ground to stop charges by enemy soldiers.〔Fox76f.〕 The bronze material of the butt-spike prevented it from rusting. The spike also served to balance out the spear, making it easier for soldiers to wield, and could be used as a back-up point should the main one break.
The sheer bulk and size of the spear required the soldiers to wield it with both hands, allowing them to carry only a shield (pelta) suspended from the neck to cover the left shoulder.〔Markle 326〕 Its great length was an asset against hoplites and other soldiers bearing shorter weapons, as they had to get past the sarissas to engage the phalangites. However, outside the tight formation of the phalanx the sarissa was of limited utility as a weapon and a hindrance on the march. As such, it was usually composed of two lengths and was joined by a central bronze tube only before a battle.〔Fox, p. 75〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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